Hamilton had thought long and hard about this. Credit: Deansfa Marriage and family of Margaret Hamilton If you continue to use this website without changing your cookie settings or you click "Accept" below then you are consenting to this. Margaret Heafield Hamilton was born on August 17, 1936, in Paoli, Indiana. As an adult, she worked on NASA's Apollo program, creating computer programs to guide spacecraft to and from the moon. "All of a sudden, the normal mission sequences were interrupted by priority displays of 1201 and 1202 alarms, giving the astronauts a go/no-go decision (to land or not to land)," she added. NY 10036. Margaret H. Hamilton is a computer scientist who was instrumental to NASA's efforts to land humans on the moon in the 1960s and 1970s. In a few seconds he had to decide whether to land on the moon despite the risk or abort the landing and return with the honey on his lips. When she was studying at Earlham College, she met James Hamilton. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Margaret Hamilton (December 9, 1902 - May 16, 1985) was an American film actress known for her portrayal of the Wicked Witch of the West in the 1939 film The Wizard of Oz. Four years later, she obtained the Bachelor of Arts in Mathematics at Earlham College, Richmond, Indiana (USA). What I do?!!! Danko made the fiery entrance to Munchkinland, not Hamilton. As a girl, Hamilton loved math and science. Played Aunt Eva on the radio series Ethel and Albert in the 1940s and 1950s . Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. In that role, she took the lead on the software used to govern the flight dynamics of the Apollo spacecraft, which were used for six landing missions between 1969 and 1972. (196566; Hamilton had been offered the role of Grandmama, but turned it down. Mention the name Margaret Hamilton to a Millennial, and chances are they won't be able to pick her out of a line-up. [36], When Hamilton started using the term "software engineering" during the early Apollo missions,[57] software development was not taken seriously compared to other engineering,[58] nor was it regarded as a science. Learn How rich is She in this year and how She spends money? If the latter case, this would be Hamilton's third but uncredited role. I guess for a minute they get the feeling they got when they watched the picture. The computer was overloaded with interrupts caused by incorrectly phased power supplied to the lander's rendezvous radar. Paul Boynton Meserve (13 June1931 - 20 May1938)( divorced)( 1 child). ", /system/people/detail_images/320_Margaret_Hamilton.jpg, /system/people/list_images/320_Margaret_Hamilton_320.jpg. This brilliant mathematician, systems engineer, and computational scientist, was Director of the Software Engineering Division of the MIT Instrumentation Laboratory. For her work during this period, Hamilton has been credited with popularizing the concept of software engineering. When asked about her experiences on the set of The Wizard of Oz, Hamilton said her biggest fear was that her monstrous film role would give children the wrong idea of who she really was. In 2017, she was one of a handful of Nasa women to be immortalised as a Lego figurine .On the 50th anniversary of the first moon landing, Hamilton, 82, looks back on her trailblazing work in. Biography. Although Margaret planned to study abstract mathematics at Brandeis University, she accepted a job at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) while her husband attended Harvard Law School. At the time, computer science and software engineering were not yet established disciplines; instead, programmers learned on the job with hands-on experience. Hamilton next worked at MITs Instrumentation Laboratory (now the independent Charles Stark Draper Laboratory), which provided aeronautical technology for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). [25], Her areas of expertise include: systems design and software development, enterprise and process modeling, development paradigm, formal systems modeling languages, system-oriented objects for systems modeling and development, automated life-cycle environments, methods for maximizing software reliability and reuse, domain analysis, correctness by built-in language properties, open-architecture techniques for robust systems, full life-cycle automation, quality assurance, seamless integration, error detection and recovery techniques, human-machine interface systems, operating systems, end-to-end testing techniques, and life-cycle management techniques. This page was last edited on 26 February 2023, at 16:40. It was a memorable day when one of the most respected hardware gurus explained to everyone in a meeting that he agreed with me that the process of building software should also be considered an engineering discipline, just like with hardware. Margaret Hamilton was born December 9, 1902 in Cleveland, Ohio, to Jennie (Adams) and Walter Hamilton. Coming up with solutions and new ideas was an adventure. During the 1960s and 1970s, Hamilton appeared regularly on television. Updates? Elizabeth holds a Ph.D. and M.Sc. Hamilton made her debut as a "professional entertainer" on December 9, 1929, in a "program of 'heart rending songs'" in the Charles S. Brooks Theater at the Cleveland Play House. Also learn how She earned most of Margaret Hamilton networth? Margaret Hamilton's net worth We took our work seriously, many of us beginning this journey while still in our 20s. [4] She studied mathematics at the University of Michigan in 1955 before transferring to Earlham College, where her mother was a student;[7][8] she earned a BA in mathematics with a minor in philosophy in 1958. When she was 80 years old, on November 22, 2016, Margaret Hamilton received the Presidential Medal of Freedom, presented by the President of the United States, Barack Obama, for her work at NASA during the Apollo missions. Pufnstuf herself being spoofed by actress Billie Hayes. Journey for Margaret. Margaret Hamilton Computer Scientist MIT Computer scientist Margaret Hamilton poses with the Apollo guidance software she and her team developed at MIT. Hamilton's plain looks helped to bring steady work as a character actress. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". In 2019, she was awarded the Intrepid Lifetime Achievement Award. "Hamilton was honored by NASA in 2003, when she was presented a special award recognizing the value of her innovations in the Apollo software development," NASA wrote in 2016. "From 'Kiddie Lit' to Children's Literature: The Biography of Francelia Butler." While studying mathematics and philosophy at Earlham College in Richmond, Indiana, she met James Hamilton, and they subsequently married. margaret-hamilton-bio-wiki-age-family-net-worth-height-nationality-and-facts.html. She is a member of famous Actress with the age 83 years old group. Margaret Hamilton (Margaret Brainard Hamilton) was born on 9 December, 1902 in Cleveland, Ohio, USA, is an Actress, Soundtrack. Her name was clearly visible when the entire Apollo 11 source code was released on GitHub in 2016; according to MIT, the first full line of the software read, "SUBMITTED: MARGARET H. HAMILTON DATE: 28 MAR 69 / M.H.HAMILTON, COLOSSUS PROGRAMMING LEADER / APOLLO GUIDANCE AND NAVIGATION.". She appeared on Broadway in the musical Goldilocks opposite Don Ameche and Elaine Stritch, gave a lighter touch to the domineering Parthy Anne Hawks in the 1966 revival of Show Boat (dancing with David Wayne), and was the tender Aunt Eller in the 1968 Lincoln Center revival of Oklahoma!. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. Hamilton and Morgan never share any scenes in Oz. Between 1969 and 1972, the Apollo program carried out 22 missions: 19 with total success, 2 with partial success and 1 with failure. "[64][65], In 2019, to celebrate 50 years to the Apollo landing, Google decided to make a tribute to Hamilton. She subsequently directed and supervised the developments of the Skylab space station mission. Margaret Hamiltons income source is mostly from being a successful Actress. ", Hamilton later left MIT to start her own software company, but her name is still most recognized for her lunar landing accomplishments. Mastodon: https://qoto.org/@howellspace. Half a century ago, MIT played a critical role in the development of the flight software for NASAs Apollo program, which landed humans on the Moon for the first time in 1969. One of the many contributors to this effort was Margaret Hamilton, a computer scientist who led the Software Engineering Division of the MIT Instrumentation Laboratory, which in 1961 contracted with NASA to develop the Apollo program's guidance system. Elizabeth is also a post-secondary instructor in communications and science since 2015. She appeared, uncredited, in Joseph L. Mankiewicz's People Will Talk (1951) as Sarah Pickett. In 1962, Hamilton played Leora Scofield, a suffragette who arrives in Laramie, Wyoming, to bolster feminist causes in a territory where women had already obtained the right to vote, in the episode "Beyond Justice" of NBC's Laramie. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. From 1961 to 1963, she worked at MIT on an unknown aircraft trajectory tracking project. [7] Studio executives cut some of Hamilton's more frightening scenes, worrying they would frighten children too much. Margaret Hamilton, ne Margaret Heafield, (born August 17, 1936, Paoli, Indiana, U.S.), American computer scientist who was one of the first computer software programmers; she created the term software engineer to describe her work. On April 28, 2017, she received the Computer History Museum Fellow Award, which honors exceptional men and women whose computing ideas have changed the world. marriedcelebrity; April 19, 2019; Celebrity Gossip; Born as Margaret Heafield, she is an American system engineer, computer scientist and a woman entrepreneur as well. [33] The asynchronous executive designed by J. Halcombe Laning[34][30][35] was used by Hamilton's team to develop asynchronous flight software: Because of the flight software's system-software's error detection and recovery techniques that included its system-wide "kill and recompute" from a "safe place" restart approach to its snapshot and rollback techniques, the Display Interface Routines (AKA the priority displays) together with its man-in-the-loop capabilities were able to be created in order to have the capability to interrupt the astronauts' normal mission displays with priority displays of critical alarms in case of an emergency. In 1954, she graduated from Thomas Hancock High School in Minnesota. The solution came from a young Margaret who assured the Mission Director that she could safely ignore the two error messages. Everything was done based on codes, so that they did not occupy too much space in the small memories of the computers, which were NOT made of silicon, but were housed in iron cores. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Credit: Courtesy MIT Museum Margaret Hamilton's Apollo Code A brief history of the famous 1969 photo of the software that sent humans to the Moon. It is possible to find relevant details of the biography of this extraordinary pioneer on many websites. Discover Margaret Hamilton's Biography, Age, Height, Physical Stats, Dating/Affairs, Family and career updates. [2], Margaret Elaine Heafield was born August 17, 1936, in Paoli, Indiana,[3] to Kenneth Heafield and Ruth Esther Heafield (ne Partington). One of the many contributors to this effort was Margaret Hamilton, a computer scientist who led the Software Engineering Division of the MIT Instrumentation Laboratory, which in 1961 contracted with NASA to develop the Apollo programs guidance system. Profiled in "American Classic Screen Interviews" (Scarecrow Press). Margaret Hamilton was born on August 17, 1936. I said to myself, 'Oh, boy, The Wizard of Oz! Margaret H. Hamilton is a computer scientist who was instrumental to NASA's efforts to land humans on the moon in the 1960s and 1970s. In 1973, Hamilton produced the stage production of An Evening with the Bourgeoisie. In those years, there were no programming languages like at the end of the 20th century. (Revised December 29, 2004). City Without Men. Her Gramercy Park neighbor Sybil Daneman reported that Hamilton loved children but they were often afraid to meet her because of her portrayal of the Wicked Witch of the West in The Wizard of Oz. five.[28]. Margaret Hamilton had no trouble reconciling her career at NASA with her mothering role. In addition to requiring a deep understanding of computers, it was not easy to write just over 400,000 lines of code that were inserted into the operating system of the lunar module in the Apollo missions. [10] She says her poet father and headmaster grandfather inspired her to include a minor in philosophy in her studies. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Margaret Hamilton (December 9, 1902 - May 16, 1985) was an American film actress known for her portrayal of the Wicked Witch of the West in the 1939 film The Wizard of Oz. [48] Others have used HOS to formalize the semantics of linguistic quantifiers,[49] and to formalize the design of reliable real-time embedded systems. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". "[13] She appeared as herself in three episodes of Mister Rogers' Neighborhood, between 1975 and 1976, because Fred Rogers wanted his viewers to recognize the Wicked Witch was just a character and not something to be afraid of. At 83 years old, Margaret Hamilton height SAGE was soon developed for military use in anti-aircraft air defense. Hamilton said: What they used to do when you came into this organization as a beginner, was to assign you this program which nobody was able to ever figure out or get to run. Her most visible appearances during this period were as general store owner, Cora, in a national series of television commercials for Maxwell House coffee. Looking back, we were the luckiest people in the world; there was no choice but to be pioneers. She cofounded the company Higher Order Software in 1976 and established Hamilton Technologies 10 years later. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. She knew everything about these vital programs. She was a distant cousin of Neil Hamilton, with whom she appeared in By Your Leave (1934). In 1960, producer/director William Castle cast Hamilton as a housekeeper in his 13 Ghosts horror film, in which 12-year-old lead Charles Herbert's character taunts her about being a witch, including the final scene, in which she is holding a broom in her hand. There was no second chance. [54][55][56] Hamilton details how she came to make up the term "software engineering": When I first came up with the term, no one had heard of it before, at least in our world. [2010]. Her father, Thomas Storey, was the founder of the Stanford University School of Health. Margaret Dawn Hamilton AM (23 June 1941 - 24 November 2022) [1] was an Australian children's literature publisher who served as the National President of the Children's Book Council of Australia from 1991 to 1992 and as a National Board Member until April 2017 when she formally retired. There was no second chance. In 1933, Hamilton was invited to repeat her stage role of the sarcastic daughter-in-law in the Broadway play Another Language for the MGM film version. With the error addressed, the lunar landings for Apollos 12, 14, 15, 16 and 17 were made possible. Margaret Heafield Hamilton is an American computer scientist, systems engineer, and business owner. Margaret had already built her resume with several performances in film before she came to her most memorable and astronomically successful role, Almira Gulch / The Wicked Witch of the West in The Wizard of Oz (1939). She strove to work as much as possible to support herself and her son; she never put herself under contract to any one studio and priced her services at $1,000 ($18,800 with inflation[4]) a week.[5]. For her work, she was honored with the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2016. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". August 17, 2016. And if you have a news tip, correction or comment, let us know at: community@space.com. )[citation needed]. Would spoof her famous role of The Wicked Witch of The West in a 1976 Paul Lynde Halloween Special for television. Later in the decade, she was in a little-known film noir, titled Bungalow 13 (1948), in which she again costarred opposite Cromwell. Searching to find out more about Margaret Hamilton? [1] Her remains were cremated at Poughkeepsie Rural Cemetery, and her ashes were scattered in Amenia, New York.[20]. [Related: Apollo Coder and 'Apollo 13' Actor Receive Presidential Medals of Freedom]. Play Girl. Hamilton, a 24-year-old with an undergrad degree in mathematics, had gotten a job as a programmer at MIT, and the plan was for her to support her husband through his three-year stint at Harvard. '[8], Hamilton's stand-in and stunt double for the Witch, Betty Danko, also suffered an on-set accident on February 11, 1939. The Directors verdict reached Neil on the radio: GO, Go ahead, free. Under her married name of Margaret Meserve, she served on the Beverly Hills Board of Education from 1948 to 1951. Looking back, we were the luckiest people in the world; there was no choice but to be pioneers.. This system played a crucial role just before the Apollo 11 moon landing on July 20, 1969. Margaret Brainard Hamilton (December 9, 1902 - May 16, 1985) was an American movie actress. During one interview, she joked: I was in need of money at the time, I had done about six pictures for MGM at the time, and my agent called. [10] She also made personal appearances, and Hamilton described the children's usual reaction to her portrayal of the Witch: Almost always they want me to laugh like the Witch. The mirrors at the Ivanpah plant were configured to create a picture of Hamilton and the Apollo 11 by moonlight. The crowning mission, Apollo 11 in July 1969, saw Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin descend all the way to the surface in the lunar module, safely return to the command module (piloted by Mike Collins) and make it home to Earth. Hamilton had prepared for just this situation years before: There was one other failsafe that Hamilton likes to remember. The content of the programs was printed on continuous paper and stored in large folders. They're scared. "The award included the largest financial award that NASA had ever presented to any individual up to that point. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Hamilton was concerned with legitimizing software development as an engineering discipline. In later years, Hamilton appeared in films and made frequent cameo appearances on television sitcoms and commercials. The award included $37,200, the largest amount awarded to any individual in NASA's history. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. Margaret Hamilton was born December 9, 1902 in Cleveland, Ohio to Jennie and Walter Hamilton. [54][60] The IEEE Software September/October 2018 issue celebrates the 50th anniversary of software engineering. Cameron Diaz Biography, Facts & Life Story, Cam Newton Biography, Facts & Life Story, Roman Reigns Biography, Facts & Life Story, Lindsay Lohan Biography, Facts & Life Story, Christopher Lloyd Biography, Facts & Life Story, Michael Chiklis Biography, Facts & Life Story, Computer Scientist, Systems Engineer and Business Owner. was ranked 99th in the 2005 American Film Institute survey of the most memorable movie quotes. If the computer hadn't recognized this problem and taken recovery action, I doubt if Apollo 11 would have been the successful moon landing it was. Hamilton also toured in many plays and musicals, even repeating her role of the Wicked Witch in specially written stage productions of The Wizard of Oz. Margaret Hamilton Career Profession: Computer Scientist, Systems Engineer and Business Owner Known For: Director of the "Software Engineering Division" of the "MIT Instrumentation Laboratory", which developed "On-board Flight Software for NASA's Apollo Space Program Debut: Film debut: These Three (1936) Movie poster Net Worth: $12 Million Approx For this Laboratory, she developed codes for new programming routines. Margaret Hamilton was born December 9, 1902 in Cleveland, Ohio, to Jennie (Adams) and Walter Hamilton. Hamilton was born in Cleveland, Ohio and practiced her craft doing children's theater while she was a Junior League of Cleveland member. In the 1940s and 1950s, Hamilton had a long-running role on the radio series Ethel and Albert (or The Couple Next Door) in which she played the lovable, scattered Aunt Eva (name later changed to Aunt Effie). New York, [81][14] The couple then moved to Boston, Massachusetts,[14] where they had a daughter, Lauren, born on November 10, 1959. And it was at the age of 22 that she graduated from Earlham . They like to hear it but they 'don't' like to hear it. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Margaret-Hamilton-American-computer-scientist, Space.com - Margaret H. Hamilton: Apollo Computer Programmer, Wired - Her Code Got Humans on the Moon - And Invented Software Itself, Margaret Hamilton - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Margaret Hamilton - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), National Aeronautics and Space Administration. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. But a software incident almost derailed the landing, as Hamilton recalled in a 2009 interview with MIT. Hamilton played two credited roles in the famous film: Almira Gulch and the Wicked Witch of the West. The on-board flight software captured these alarms with the "never supposed to happen displays" interrupting the astronauts with priority alarm displays. I said, 'Yes?' [4], Hamilton then joined the Charles Stark Draper Laboratory at MIT, which worked on the Apollo Space Mission. [16] A Republican, she supported the campaign of Dwight Eisenhower during the 1952 presidential election. Hamilton costarred opposite Buster Keaton and Richard Cromwell in a 1940s spoof of the long-running local melodrama The Drunkard, titled The Villain Still Pursued Her. Looking back, we were the luckiest people in the world; there was no choice but to be pioneers.. Guest in the House. They're really scared for a second. Armstrong had no time for lengthy explanations. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. [61] Hamilton talks about "Errors" and how they influenced her work related to software engineering and how her language, USL, could be used to prevent the majority of "Errors" in a system. [50], Hamilton was the CEO of HOS through 1984[20] and left the company in 1985. We had to find a way and we did. is 5'(1.52m) . The cookie settings on this website are set to "allow cookies" to give you the best browsing experience possible. Until the day she died, she had children recognizing her and coming up to her to ask why she was so mean to Dorothy. In reality, she cared deeply about children, frequently giving to charitable organizations. Computer scientist Margaret Hamilton poses for a series of photos with the Apollo guidance software she and her team developed at the MIT Instrumentation Laboratory. I will return to work on one condition no more fireworks!" in Space Studies from the University of North Dakota, a Bachelor of Journalism from Canada's Carleton University and (soon) a Bachelor of History from Athabasca University. We had to find a way and we did. By clicking Accept, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. A complete set of recovery programs was incorporated into the software. Margaret Hamilton (Margaret Brainard Hamilton) was born on 9 December, 1902 in Cleveland, Ohio, USA, is an Actress, Soundtrack. [14] The SAGE Project was an extension of Project Whirlwind, started by MIT to create a computer system that could predict weather systems and track their movements using simulators. Her husband is Paul Boynton Meserve (13 June1931 - 20 May1938)( divorced)( 1 child).