After 12 weeks, the frequency of bowel movements increased from 1 every 2-3 days, to 1 every day. Up to now, systematic research on the autotetraploid of sour jujube (Ziziphus acidojujuba Cheng et Liu) has not been reported. Our website content is for informational purposes only. One reason for its effectiveness in treating diabetes is the fact that it helps regulate glucose levels in your bloodstream. The extract proved to inhibit oxidative stress and reduce inflammation. The health benefits of red dates tea for coughs is due to its warming properties, making it easier for you to swallow.12, This herbal tea has loads of vitamin A, which is one of the health benefits for your eyes. Healthline only shows you brands and products that we stand behind. The blend was also shown to decrease glucose levels in the blood and ameliorate other diabetic symptoms. Formul. There are currently no human studies on the sedative or anxiety-reducing effects of Jujube. Red date tea is a delicious and healthy drink that offers many benefits for the body. Researchers mention that this may be due to jujubes effect on hormone and neurotransmitter levels in the brain. Both the seeds and fruit have been used . Protective effect of extract of jujubae fructus on iron deficiency anemia in rats. Jujube may interact with such drugs. Our website services, content, and products are for informational purposes only. Modern research shows that jujube fruit also has anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and anti-anemic effects. It appears to be pro-motility in regards to the intestines, speeding up transit time and encouraging defecation. Trad. Phytotherapy research: PTR, 31(5), 755762. How many jujubes can you safely eat? Jake and Deborah Anderson-Bialis, pictured with their children, started fertility . Whats the Difference Between Dates and Figs? Aloe Vera for Your Hair: What Are the Benefits? One of the traditional medicinal uses of jujube is as a laxative. https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.963, Naftali, T., Feingelernt, H., Lesin, Y., Rauchwarger, A., & Konikoff, F. M. (2008). Supports Cognitive Health, Plus Uplifting and Calming Researchers pointed out that this may be due to the polysaccharides action of enhancing the intestinal barrier function. Artificially induced polyploidization is one of the most effective techniques for improving the biological properties and creating new cultivars of fruit trees. Jujube seeds have a sedative effect on the body that has been shown to promote sleep. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2013.1063, Liu, M., Wang, J., Wang, L., Liu, P., Zhao, J., Zhao, Z., Yao, S., Stnic, F., Liu, Z., Wang, L., Ao, C., Dai, L., Li, X., Zhao, X., & Jia, C. (2020). Due to rich supply of antioxidants, overall, scientific studies show jujubes impressive ability to helpkill off tumor cells, making jujube fruit a potential cancer-fighting food. Jujubes manganese could potentially play a role in controlling blood pressure due to its anti-oxidative functions, while potassium is helpful for keeping the blood vessels relaxed, which promotes healthy blood flow. Dr. Chen Yong Zhi was a famous Chinese herbalist that used red dates to treat over 1,000 patients suffering from high blood pressure and other cardiovascular issues.6, A blood deficiency can be caused by a low intake of iron, which is one of the health benefits of red dates tea. Related: Genmaicha Tea Is the Herbal Sip Thats Scientifically Shown To Improve Weight Loss, Red dates stimulate the production of white blood cells, which helps to remove toxins from your blood. Currently, Kindbody today is the fertility benefits provider for 112 companies, covering more than 2.4 million lives. If you are looking for an easy way to boost your health, consider adding red date tea to your daily routine. Both the tree and fruit (commonly dried and stored) are very low maintenance. Antioxidants are compounds that can prevent and reverse damage caused by excess free radicals (5). Having a healthy flow of blood can improve your immune system, which will help you fight against diseases and infections.8 The health benefits of red dates tea are largely due to the high antioxidant value of red dates, which helps cleanse the blood. In alternative medicine, theyre widely utilized to improve sleep and decrease anxiety. https://doi.org/10.1515/jcim-2014-0010, Goyal, R., Sharma, P. L., & Singh, M. (2011). A 3-ounce (100-gram) serving of raw jujube, or about 3 fruits, provides (1, 2): Due to their high fiber content and low calorie count, jujubes make an excellent, healthy snack. The fruit was also said to relieve mental tension and calm the mind. 109 milligrams vitamin C (121 percent DV), While not as popular in the U.S or Europe as they are in Asia and the Middle East, jujube fruit (. By neutralizing these harmful particles before they start affecting your health, you are able to enjoy some of the health benefits of red date tea for cancer prevention.18, Red dates have long been used as a medicinal ingredient in China, and it is a vital part of many herbal tonics. They are particularly very rich in vitamin C. Vitamin C helps vitalizing skin, fights free radicals and strengthens the immunity by. Bioactive Fraction of Annona reticulata Bark (or) Ziziphus jujuba Root Bark along with Insulin Attenuates Painful Diabetic Neuropathy through Inhibiting NF-B Inflammatory Cascade. The fruit also appears to have strong potential for reducing diabetic symptoms, inflammation, and remedying anemia. Med. In an animal study, researchers discovered that a group of phytochemicals isolated from jujube seeds, known as saponins, were able to impart a sedative and hypnotic effect on mice. Research in mice even suggests that jujube seed extracts may help treat dementia caused by Alzheimers. There currently is not enough evidence in humans to establish an effective oral dose of Zizyphus Jujube supplements but estimating from animal studies finding benefits with 500mg/kg for anxiety reduction, an estimated human dose would be: for an ethanolic extract with a 23.34% extract yield. . May improve sleep. https://doi.org/10.1039/c5fo00378d. Whats more, jujube vinegar, juice, marmalades, and honey are common in parts of Asia. It can help reduce stress on the eyes and improve night vision, making it easier to see in the dark. on the Contents of Sugars, Organic Acids, -Tocopherol, -Carotene, and Phenolic Compounds, Isolation and Purification of Flavonoids from Ziziphus jujuba by High-Speed Counter-Current Chromatography, Unified approach to catechin hetero-oligomers: first total synthesis of trimer EZ-EG-CA isolated from Ziziphus jujuba, Isolation of rutin from the leaves of Zizyphus jujuba Mill, Systematic evaluation of antioxidant capacities of the ethanolic extract of different tissues of jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) The standardized extract of Ziziphus jujuba fruit (jujube) regulates pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in cultured murine macrophages: suppression of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated NF-B activity. Jujube benefits the body in its ability to support sleep and gut health. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. Researchers believe that these benefits are primarily a result of the antioxidant compounds in the fruit. https://doi.org/10.1039/c9fo02171j, Jiang, J. G., Huang, X. J., Chen, J., & Lin, Q. S. (2007). The Extraordinary Importance of Sleep: The Detrimental Effects of Inadequate Sleep on Health and Public Safety Drive an Explosion of Sleep Research. SHARES. how do i choose my seat on alaska airlines? Modern research shows that jujube may be helpful for brain health, sleep, and gastrointestinal issues. Standard dosing for jujube fruit is as follows: Dried Fruit: 84g dried fruits per serving. They contain a pit with two seeds, which should be removed before eating. Healthy blood vessels are vital for the flow of blood to your heart, muscles, and other body parts.5, When youre suffering from high blood pressure, you are at an increased risk for stroke, heart disease, or kidney problems. Dried jujubes are also commonly sold for use in desserts or to be eaten by themselves like candy, especially in Asia. cv. Healthline Media does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Jujubes are widely used in alternative medicine to improve sleep quality and brain function. What is Jujube? Frontiers in cellular neuroscience, 11, 73.https://doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2017.00073, Li, B., Wang, L., Liu, Y., Chen, Y., Zhang, Z., & Zhang, J. in interesting facts about sam houston. Both the fruit and the seeds of jujube are used for their various health benefits. Unfortunately, there are currently no human studies on the sedative or anxiety-reducing effects of jujube, but the animal research has been encouraging to date for jujubes potential as a natural stress reliever. Wild jujube fruit juice is no longer one of the candy's ingredients, but wild jujube extract offers all the benefits of the whole fruit in a convenient form. Though reserved for special occasions these sweet fruits can be easily found in a Chinese grocery store and in some Chinese herb shops. Fiber also improves metabolism while adding bulk to your stool, which can relieve constipation.16. In Chinese culture, fresh dates have a very special place in history, legend, and literature. They also contain high levels of vitamin C, which acts as an antioxidant as well (4). May help with digestion and constipation. It can be caused by a variety of things like stress, poor diet, and lack of exercise. If you have an ongoing health condition or are on medication, check with your doctor before using this food medicinally. In: StatPearls. by. It is also rich in zinc, which also helps in the fetus's brain development and cognitive functions. Another in vitro study discovered that an extract of Annona reticulata bark and Ziziphus jujuba root bark was able to decrease neurological symptoms that stem from diabetes. Fresh jujubes are sweet and have an apple-like texture. One cup of red date tea a day is enough to meet your daily intake requirement for vitamin A, which also makes it easier for you to maintain a healthy immune system. The liver is the main organ responsible for removing harmful substances from the body, so it is important to protect it from damage and disease.17, The health benefits of red dates tea also come from its high content of proanthocyanidins, a type of antioxidant that protects the body from free radicals. Jujube fruit promotes fetal development by aiding in the production of blood cells with the help of folic acid. Natural product research, 21(4), 310320. An in vitro study using jujube fruit extract showed that it was able to regulate the pro-inflammatory response of white blood cells. Jujube - American Botanical Council. For most people, jujube fruit is safe to eat. This discovery shows that jujube fruit may be helpful for the gut when used as a prebiotic. While fresh jujubes have flesh that tastes similar to an apple, dried jujube tastes much sweeter, similar todates, and has an impressive nutritional profile. JuJuBe Diaper Bags & Backpacks Wallets Baby Registries + Gifts Nursery Essentials Our mission is simple: we design bags to support parents on one of the most stressful, joyful, challenging and rewarding journeys in life.parenthood! Since our bodies cant produce vitamin C on theirown, its essential that we make sure we get enough vitamin C in our diets. Jujube fruit, also known as red or Chinese date, is native to Southern Asia but has become popular around the world. It has apparently potent benefits according to Traditional Chinese Medicine, but there is limited human evidence and evidence in general on the benefits of Ziziphus Jujuba. 414. They should be greenish-yellow to yellowish-red in color with a smooth skin. From jujube fruit benefits to how to eat jujube fruit, learn everything you need to know about the fruit. Jujube has high fiber content. Jujubes scientific name is Zizyphus jujuba. The jujube fruit ranges in shape from round to pear-shaped. Horticulture research, 7, 119.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-020-00346-5, Mahmoudi, R., Ansari, S., Haghighizadeh, M. H., Maram, N. S., & Montazeri, S. (2020). Try makingHomemade Jujube and Ginger Tea using dried jujubes, which is very calming and delicious. As always, make sure to consult your doctor before making any changes to your diet or adding a new supplement. It helps manage blood pressure. Becoming a Vegetarian: Foods to Choose From, Makes you feel full for longer, which can help you with weight loss, Reduces your risk of diseases like colorectal cancer. She has a bachelor of science in communications as well as having completed a post-baccalaureate certificate in herbal studies. May Support a Healthy Gastrointestinal Tract, the best herbs for inflammatory bowel disease, http://herbalgram.org/resources/herbclip/herbclip-news/2021/jujube/, https://doi.org/10.1186/s13223-020-00444-y, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-017-1995-6, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11418-011-0531-0, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513253/, https://doi.org/10.1080/14786410701192827, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-020-00346-5, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537103/, https://unitedplantsavers.org/species-at-risk-list/, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2010.01.014, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6281147/. You should aim for 25 to 35 grams of fiber a day. It also improves cognitive function and fetal brain development with the presence of Zinc. While it may seem intimidating at first, counting macros is a common Erythritol is now one of the most popular natural zero-calorie sweeteners available. Jujube fruits are low in calories and high in fiber. This nutrient helps soften and add bulk to your stool. Jujube fruit extract also demonstrated regulation effects on proteins and peptides that support neuron growth and survival. Yazdanpanah, Z., Ghadiri-Anari, A., Mehrjardi, A. V., Dehghani, A., Zardini, H. Z., & Nadjarzadeh, A. One animal study found that the antioxidant activity of jujube flavonoids helped reduce stress and inflammation caused by free radical damage in the liver (8). As for males, antioxidants can improve sperm quality. Another benefit of jujube is its anti-inflammatory properties. bad cholesterol). If you buy through links on this page, we may earn a small commission Heres our process. (Some records show as long as 4,000 years.) It can improve skin health. Ziziphus Jujuba (Chinese/Korean Date, Jujube) is a plant which bears fruits and seeds that are used for medicinal purposes in Traditional Chinese Medicine. Youre exposed to free radicals from air pollution, cigarette smoke, and sunlight. Gastrointestinal tract health involves a number of key organs such as the stomach, small and larger intestines, and bowel movements. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.5796, Yoo, K. Y., Li, H., Hwang, I. K., Choi, J. H., Lee, C. H., Kwon, D. Y., Ryu, S. Y., Kim, Y. S., Kang, I. J., Shin, H. C., & Won, M. H. (2010). * In rats fed high doses of Jujube, the sedative and anxiety-reducing effects appear to actually be quite potent with at least one study noting that there is similar potency to Diazepam, and the sedative properties may be synergistic with 5-HTP. jujube benefits for fertility jujube benefits for fertility How is Jujube Traditionally Used? Youve bought a passion fruit at the store, but how are you supposed to eat it? This can lead to constant hunger, vision problems, kidney disease, weight gain, and more. Some of these compounds have antioxidant properties. One of the health benefits of red dates tea is its ability to prevent anemia, another benefit from their high iron content. Experts say that you may also want to avoid eating jujube fruit if you take antidepressant drugs like venlafaxine. Our team thoroughly researches and evaluates the recommendations we make on our site. As the jujube matures, its reddish skin darkens to maroon and then to purplish-black and begins to wrinkle like a date. Learn how the jujube can enhance your life. However, if you are . Research suggests it may be. One study in particular conducted in Iran tested the water extract of dried jujube fruit for possible anticancer effects and induction of apoptosis (automatic cell death) of human tumor cell lines. A 12-week study demonstrated the benefits of jujube fruit extract in individuals with chronic constipation. Lab studies indicate that ber fruit helps maintain the structure and function of brain cells along with promoting neuron (brain cell) formation and cell signalling. Youve been successfully subscribed to our newsletter! When blood sugar levels are too high, your blood becomes thick and sticky, increasing the risk for clotting. In a rat study, jujube extract boosted immune cells called natural killer cells, which can destroy harmful invader cells (18). A 100-gram serving of dried jujube has 6 grams of dietary fiber. https://doi.org/10.17179/excli2015-232, Ji, X., , Hou, C., , Gao, Y., , Xue, Y., , Yan, Y., , & Guo, X., (2020). 2.3k. The integration of jujube tree/winter wheatsummer maize rotation resulted in decrease of productivity and fertility in the ecotone on the moderately alkaline soils. Effect of Ziziphus jujube Fruit Infusion on Lipid Profiles, Glycaemic Index and Antioxidant Status in Type 2 Diabetic Patients: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. jujube benefits for fertilitygeorge lucas educationgeorge lucas education The fruit of Ziziphus jujuba is known to support a number of ailments that involve the gastrointestinal tract. Antioxidants are substances that may prevent or delay types of cell damage, including damage caused by chemicals called free radicals. Jujubes are known for having asoothing effect on the mind and body. With strict editorial sourcing guidelines, we only link to academic research institutions, reputable media sites and, when research is available, medically peer-reviewed studies. Some other yummy jujube recipe ideas include: If youre native to Oregon, you likely know all about marionberries. Chinese medicine has recognised the health benefits of jujubes since the earliest classic Chinese medicine texts of Huangdi Neijing (475-221 BC) and Shennong Bencao Jing (300 BC-200 AD). The fruit can be stored (dried) for over a year at room temp and even longer (2-3 years) if kept at refrigerated temperatures. According to food historian Charles Perry, some candies originally contained jujube fruit juice. Talk to your doctor if youre taking any of these medications and also want to eat this jujube fruit or its extracts.. It belongs to the Rhamnaceae family and is a deciduous fruit tree that is one of the oldest cultivated trees in the world. (2014). Jujubes high fiber content may help improve digestion. However, dried jujubes, which are more commonly eaten and used in cooking in many parts of the world, are much higher in sugar and calories than the fresh fruit. 9 Evidence-Based Health Benefits of Almonds, Glycemic Index: What It Is and How to Use It. Today, candies called jujubes unfortunately dont contain any actual jujube juice however, the good news is that jujube fruits are alive and well. In one study, jujube polysaccharide extracts strengthened the intestinal lining of rats with colitis, which improved their digestive symptoms (29). Some allergic reactions to the Indian jujube fruit (Ziziphus mauritiana) have been reported, although they are rare. So why do these unnatural products have the same name as the natural exotic fruit jujube fruit thats loaded with health benefits? What is jujube fruit good for? Among the benefits of jujube for the health, improving the immune system is known as a noticeable one. Longevity is an added profit bonus. Whether you have chronic constipation or want to improve your general gastrointestinal function, they can help. Jujube doesnt have a high demand for water and is very drought-tolerant. (2021). Active Compounds in Jujube What it is, what it looks like, nutrition facts, health benefits and how to eat it. Note that the numbers in parentheses (1, 2, etc.) La seccin titulada "Recursos" contiene publicaciones y materiales multimedia archivados que guardan relacin con cuestiones generales en el mbito de la agricultura familiar. Ziziphus jujuba (Rhamnaceae) Alleviates Working Memory Impairment and Restores Neurochemical Alterations in the Prefrontal Cortex of D-Galactose-Treated Rats. In the U.S., Jujubes is a brand name of a particular type of candy, but in Canada and India the word jujubes is generic and describes many similar candies. Research has shown that jujube fruit have potential anticancer, sleep-promoting and mood-improving effects. They also offer several vitamins and minerals, including vitamin C and potassium. Both the seeds and fruit have been used in traditional Chinese medicine for thousands of years to improve sleep quality, support the nervous system, and encourage healthy digestion. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.5202, Chen, J., Du, C. Y., Lam, K. Y., Zhang, W. L., Lam, C. T., Yan, A. L., Yao, P., Lau, D. T., Dong, T. T., & Tsim, K. W. (2014). why was pavlov experiment important scunthorpe crematorium funerals this week who owns mastro's restaurant bae juice benefits interesting facts about new york colony cobra px655 frequency chart. BMC complementary and alternative medicine, 17(1), 489.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-017-1995-6, Chen, J., Yan, A. L., Lam, K. Y., Lam, C. T., Li, N., Yao, P., Xiong, A., Dong, T. T., & Tsim, K. W. (2014). Allergy, asthma, and clinical immunology : official journal of the Canadian Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 16, 48.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13223-020-00444-y, Ahmed, M., Hwang, J. H., Choi, S., & Han, D. (2017). This tree isa species of Ziziphus in the buckthorn plant family (Rhamnaceae), which means its related to many other plants, vines and shrubs, some of which also have medical uses. Jujube fruit can be enjoyed in a variety of different waysincluding sweet and savory dishesand there are numerous jujube fruit benefits that will quickly make you a fan . Emerging research suggests their unique antioxidants may be responsible for these effects. (2017). Today, I want to share with you my secrets to reduce sugar Samgyetang aka Korean Ginseng Chicken Soup, Daniel Fast: Benefits for Your Spiritual, Emotional and Physical Health, 15 Fermented Foods for a Healthy Gut and Overall Health, 9 Proven Black Seed Oil Benefits that Boost Your Health, L-Glutamine Benefits Leaky Gut & Metabolism, Chia Seeds Benefits: The Omega-3, Protein-Packed Superfood, Apple Cider Vinegar Benefits for Weight Loss, Skin Health, Cholesterol & More, What Is a Marionberry? The bodys serum protein levels also get a boost with amino acids, which are essential for many metabolic processes.11, One of the most popular uses for red date tea is the treatment of a dry throat and cough. While theres been little research on its laxative effect on people, you may want to be careful with the amount of jujube fruit that you eat. Also, theyre a concentrated source of sugar, so you should limit them in your diet. The health benefits of red dates tea include boosting the immune system, improving blood circulation, lowering blood pressure, skin rejuvenation, and digestion relief.1, Chinese red dates are composed of dried jujube fruit (red dates). What Is Dragon Fruit and Does It Have Health Benefits? Though its most popular use is as a sleep aid, it improves digestion by increasing the body's intestinal motility. In traditional medicine, the fruits, seeds and bark of jujubes have been used to treat mental health issues, including anxiety and trouble sleeping/insomnia. This article tells you everything you need to know about jujube fruit, including its nutrition, benefits, and uses. Dried, they have a chewy texture and taste similar to dates. Despite having fruits in their names, these variations of chewy, colorful, artificially flavored candies are anything but healthy. As a highly adaptive tree, the jujube tree can grow up to 30ft tall bearing bright red fruit. Below are the 6 key jujube benefits for health. A chemically standardized extract of Ziziphus jujuba fruit (Jujube) stimulates expressions of neurotrophic factors and anti-oxidant enzymes in cultured astrocytes. Dried jujubes are high in sugar and should be limited in your diet. Although Jujube fruit is beneficial to consume during pregnancy, make sure you don't overeat and consume only fresh ones. Thats a pretty easy and tasty way to fightfree radical damage and stave of disease. Is jujube fruit good for kidney patients? Jujube fruits have long been used in alternative medicine to treat conditions like insomnia and anxiety. BioMedicine, 10(4), 4248. Though both fresh and dried jujubes are highly nutritious, keep in mind that dried ones are higher in sugar and calories per serving, so theyre best enjoyed in moderation. They are actually good for your overall gut health because they also aid in digestion, treat diarrhea, and prevent constipation, bloating, cramps, and other stomach problems. Researchers believe that this effect on sleep may be due to the presence of saponins in the seeds. American Botanical Council (2021). The extract was administered to in vitro brain cells called astrocytes. Jujube has high fiber content. Jujube fruit is high in vitamins and minerals and low in calories. Safety classification of herbal medicines used among pregnant women in Asian countries: a systematic review. Traditionally used in Chinese medicine, Jujube is still used today to treat digestive disorders, high blood pressure, inflammation, fever, insomnia, and skin infections. The development of low-calorie sugar and functional jujube food using biological transformation and fermentation coupling technology. Journal of natural medicines,65(3-4), 514518. An extract of jujube fruit administered to gerbils proved to have a neuroprotective effect after 10 days. How do you eat jujube fruit? Food & function, 11(1), 163173. The health benefits of teas are just fascinating to explore, especially the teas that come from specific countries. Dried red dates can be used in place of raisins or palm date fruits in cakes and other desserts. A strong flow of blood plays an important role in traditional Chinese medicine. These various health benefits are attributed to the jujubosides, flavonoids, terpenes, and saponins phytochemicals present in jujubes. But what are the benefits of aloe vera for hair? It has a thin, edible skin and whitish flesh. A 100-gram serving (about 3 fruits) contains: Vitamin C: 69 milligrams (about 77% of the recommended daily value). Jujube fruits are a rich source of compounds such as flavonoids, polysaccharides, and triterpenic acids. Jujubes are rich in minerals, which help to strengthen bones and prevent osteoporosis. These fruits have been shown to be an effective and safe alternative to harsh and side effect-ridden over-the-counterlaxatives. More facts about Jujube Fruit. About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Some people also use jujubes to make vitamin C-rich jam. The protective effects of Ziziphus vulgaris L. fruits on biochemical and histological abnormalities induced by diabetes in rats. It even has the ability to self-prune. Animal and test-tube studies indicate that the fruit may offer impressive health benefits for your nervous system, immunity, and digestion. Also called red dates, jujube can be eaten fresh, raw or infused into tea. Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology,17(6), 404409. United Plant Savers. The fruit can vary in size, shape, and taste, however, each variety carries fruit that is rich in nutrients, vitamins, and phytochemicals that impart health benefits. These small round fruits with a seed-containing pit grow on large flowering shrubs or trees (Ziziphus jujuba). Jujube fruits are rich in several antioxidant compounds, primarily flavonoids, polysaccharides, and triterpenic acids.