For UK businesses For international businesses. The side walls of the roughly 12 by 7 meter tank were constructed with finely fitted bricks and a thick layer of bitumen (natural tar) was laid along the sides of the tank to keep water from seeping through the walls and up into the superstructure. Still operational Great Bath with a medieval abbey in the background in the city of Bath, UK. The Great Bath is part of a large citadel complex that was found in the 1920s during excavations of Mohenjo-daro, one of the main centres of the Indus civilization. The Great Bath was the centre piece of the Roman bathing establishment. There are still many mysteries about the ancient Indus Valley Civilization. Please read more here. The bath is built of fine brickwork and measures 897 square feet (83 square metres). You could also let them wear bathing suits for privacy. Stunning and historic venues for hire in the heart of a World Heritage city. Very easy to use. Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}27°19′31.29″N 68°7′58.34″E / 27.3253583°N 68.1328722°E / 27.3253583; 68.1328722, "Great Bath" redirects here. To keep your dog clean, dry shampoo and brush regularly, and bathe with water on an as needed basis. (Though a city dumping their waste water into it -- that matters.) "Trust the system, don't throw the baby out with the bath water. Brick colonnades were discovered on the eastern, Northern and Southern edges. For those who would like to enjoy the ambiance of the Roman Baths, there is a luxurious thermal spa that opened its door in September 2004. Sign in; Advice; Markets ; Services; Search. Because this bird bath is so lightweight, you’ll likely want to add weight to the stand or base. Mohenjo-daro. Around the Great Bath itself, visitors can explore the numerous saunas, swimming pools, heated baths and changing facilities at the site. See more. SO HOW WAS THE GREATH BATH MADE? Once all the bagels are shaped, reduce the boiling water bath to a very gentle simmer. There's something cooling and soothing about being near water and while we have no beach here in Bath, we have plenty of water with the River Avon and Kennet and Avon canal with great pubs nearby. The Great Bath (Sindhi: مها سنان گهاٽ، موهن جو دڙو ‎) is one of the well-known structures among the ruins of the ancient Indus Valley Civilization at Mohenjo-daro in Sindh, Pakistan. They of course needed water to drink, which was supplied by rainwater and the Indus. It was fed with hot water directly from the Sacred Spring and provided a luxurious warm swim. The Great Bath was found in 1926 during archaeological excavations. If you have a toothbrush, and no toothpaste, why not just use the brush (with salt water… This resin-composite bird bath is lightweight and easy to move. The restorative spa helps alleviate stress … Achetez neuf ou d'occasion Audio tours, available in English, Spanish, German, French, Italian, Dutch, Japanese and Mandarin and are included in the ticket price … Bath time will go much smoother if you have plenty of space and the right supplies. The floor consists of two skins of sawed brick set on edge in gypsum mortar, with a layer of … To address some of your suggestions: brush your teeth with sand. Although an ice bath is ideal, spending eight minutes under a cold shower—either interspersed with hot water, or experienced straight—is better than nothing, he says. The average bath uses 36 gallons to fill a tub, while the average shower (without the water-saving device) uses five gallons of water per minute, according to the U.S. Geological Survey. Bubble Bath Maker for The Bathtub. Two wide staircases, one from the north and one from the south, served as the entry to the structure. Promoting and assisting film-making in Bath & North East Somerset. It may have had a long bathing pool built with waterproof bricks. Today the Great Bath is open to the skies and possibly even more eye-catching than it was in 200 AD. The temperature of bathwater is largely a personal decision and, in some cases like ice baths, depends on what you’re hoping to get out of it. Blows Bubbles and Plays 24 Children’s Songs – Baby, Toddler Kids Bath Toys Makes Great Gifts for Toddlers – Sing-Along Bath Bubble Machine: Toys & Games The preserved columns had stepped edges that may have held wooden screens or window frames. The "great bath" is without doubt the earliest public water tank in the ancient world. Then add the coconut oil followed by the mix of essential oils. A Brief History of Bathing. Great Bath. After that, they fired the bricks and they put it into a rectangular shape that is 39 by 23 by You and your partner can hop into the bath or shower together rather than using twice the water to bathe separately. Tub time isn’t just for bath bombs and meditation. Bath is the largest city in the county of Somerset, England, known for and named after its Roman-built baths.In 2011, the population was 88,859. 1. Today the Great Bath is open to the skies and possibly even more eye-catching than it was in 200 AD. [5], Across the street of The Great Bath in the Indus valley civilization, there was a large building with several rooms and three verandas, and two staircases leading to roof and upper floor. SD Area Mohenjo-daro . The Great Bath of Mohenjo-daro is called the "earliest public water tank of the ancient world". First, add the Epsom salts and baking soda. Bath definition, a washing or immersion of something, especially the body, in water, steam, etc., as for cleansing or medical treatment: I take a bath every day. The tank itself measures approximately 12 meters north-south and 7 meters wide, with a maximum depth of 2.4 meters. The oldest known bath was discovered in the early 1900s in the Indus Valley in Pakistan and dates back to 2500 B.C. First they made bricks. The stand can be filled with sand or water on the inside, or the base can be staked down. Bath, process of soaking the body in water or some other aqueous matter such as mud, steam, or milk. The great plughole debate. 2. :Don't throw the baby out with the bath water for goodness sake! Bath bomb recipes usually include corn flour as a dry ‘filler’. Great Danes are low-odor, short-haired dogs that do not have to be bathed often--in fact, frequent baths may deprive their coats of necessary natural oils. You can also see statues of the Roman generals and emperors whose policies and strategies impacted on the British … A series of rooms were located along the eastern edge of the building and in one room was a well that may have supplied some of the water needed to fill the tank. Starting with the first bagels you shaped, gently transfer 3 or 4 at a time to the water bath; don't crowd them. [5], Most scholars agree that this tank would have been used for special religious functions where water was used to purify and renew the well being of the bathers. This bath towel absorbs water fast but dries quickly when you toss it in your laundry basket. The Great Bath hall was a marvelous example of Roman architecture and engineering as the roof would have been 20 meters above the bath. The Great Bath hall was a marvelous example of Roman architecture and engineering as the roof would have been 20 meters above the bath. Great Bath. Once the natrasorb bath comes into contact with the water, it dissolves and releases its carrier/fragrance load safely dispersing them into the water. A one metre wide and 40 centimetres high mound is present at the ends of these stairs. License. The Roman Bath Complex is open today as a fascinating museum. Its remains are among the most famous ancient structures of the old civilization of the Indus Valley region of Pakistan’s’ Mohenjo-Daro. Uploaded by Geoffrey, published on 24 November 2011 under the following license: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike. Shipping wt. Remove Ads Advertisement. The Great Bath is a massive pool, lined with 45 sheets of lead, and filled with hot spa water. Bath, process of soaking the body in water or some other aqueous matter such as mud, steam, or milk. The water in the baths passes through still-functioning lead pipes that have been set up by the Romans. It once stood in an enormous barrel-vaulted hall that rose to a height of 20 metres. 74 lbs.… Walk where Romans walked around the steaming pool filled with hot spa water, the magnificent centrepiece of the Roman Baths bathing complex. One of the best preserved Roman remains in the world. This bill throws the baby out with the bath water. Online shopping for Water Baths - Lab Baths & Accessories from a great selection at Industrial & Scientific Store. Green tea has great benefits head to toe, inside and even outside your body, so it isn't such a crazy idea to save some of those tea bags for your bath tub. In line with the latest Government advice, the Roman Baths will be closed from Thursday 31 December 2020 until further notice. For the structure in Bath, England, see, "The Harappan Civilization, c. 2600–1900 BCE", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Great_Bath,_Mohenjo-daro&oldid=1000902153, Buildings and structures completed in the 26th century BC, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 17 January 2021, at 08:19. The Great Bath of Mohenjo-daro is called the "earliest public water tank of the ancient world". Archaeological evidence indicates that the Great Bath was built in the 3rd millennium BCE, soon after the raising of the "citadel" mound on which it is located. Great Bath, SD Area, looking north 27. Weathered pillars surround the rectangular pool, the water is still steaming hot, freshly sourced from England’s only hot springs, and the open-air terrace above is ringed with statues of Roman emperors and statesmen, Victorian additions carved in 1894. : Ajoutez le produit DERMATOPIA Bath Oil dans l' eau du bain. INTRODUCTION TO GREAT BATH The process to build the Great Bath must have taken precise planning and a lot of effort to build it. At the foot of the stairs is a small ledge … It is known today as the diving stone. Two large doors lead into the complex from the south and other access was from the North and East. But what I really like is how the meadow foam and camphor manage to soften not just my skin but the bath water surrounding it. © Bath & North East Somerset Council 2021, 3D model of the Roman Baths and Pump Room. Rainwater also may have been collected for the purpose, but no inlet drains have been found. INTRODUCTION TO GREAT BATH The process to build the Great Bath must have taken precise planning and a lot of effort to build it. The Great Bath was located in the ancient city of Mohenjo-Daro. The side walls of the tank were constructed with finely fitted bricks and a thick layer of bitumen (natural tar) was laid along the sides of the tank to keep water from seeping through the walls and up into the superstructure. After that, they fired the bricks and they put it into a rectangular shape that is 39 by 23 by 8 feet in dimensions. .A sea bath also relaxes you and can cause you to sleep much easier, and also serves as recreation..Drinking salt water can cleanse you internally to a point and even more so with aloes..Even as you take a bath in the sea you gain some sort of exercise as you wade around in the water … The first shrine at the site of the hot springs was built by an Iron Age tribe called the Dobunni, who dedicated it to the goddess Sulis (who they believed possessed healing powers). So the quality of the available water is not ideal. It measures 11.88 × 7.01 metres, and has a maximum depth of 2.43 metres. Find more ways to say bath, along with related words, antonyms and example phrases at Thesaurus.com, the world's most trusted free thesaurus. They are tear-resistant and large enough for taller people. Original image by simpologist. SO HOW WAS THE GREATH BATH MADE? A large flat slab of stone is set across the point where hot water flows into the bath. Add DERMATOPIA Bath Oil to bath water. Traductions en contexte de "the water bath" en anglais-français avec Reverso Context : the bath water There is no roof now and so the water is green due to algae that grow in the sunlight, which would not have been the case in ancient times. Bath is in the valley of the River Avon, 97 miles (156 km) west of London and 11 miles (18 km) southeast of Bristol.The city became a World Heritage site in 1987.. First they made bricks. Download this stock image: Great Bath, this centrepiece of the Roman baths is a pool, lined with 45 sheets of lead, and filled with hot spa water. But one thing that archaeologists have discovered about these ancient people is that water was very important to them. The Great Bath 3000-1500 BCE. New experiences and discovering new things within shared spaces offer a great opportunity for social development. There are still many mysteries about the ancient Indus Valley Civilization. Communication and Social Skills Water play allows children to explore and interact with each other. Two wide staircases, one from the north and one from the south, served as the entry to the structure. But one thing that archaeologists have discovered about these ancient people is that water was very important to them. The bath as an institution has a long history. You can make it snappy and rinse off between five and seven minutes with a regular shower head, or go a bit longer with a water-reducing nozzle instead. The water enters the bath at a constant 46 degrees centigrade. Traductions en contexte de "with the bath water" en anglais-français avec Reverso Context : This bill throws the baby out with the bath water. throw the baby out with the bath water in a sentence - Use "throw the baby out with the bath water" in a sentence 1. Collecting and keeping safe historical records relating to Bath. These bath towels excelled in our lab absorbency test, scoring full marks for speed of absorbing water, so they'll dry you in no time. For many Roman visitors this may have been the largest building they had ever entered in their life. The Great Bath today. Kids can also share one bath, helping to save water. Costumed characters are in action around the Great Bath from 10am to 5pm daily and during our Torchlit Summer Evenings. Here are 8 tips for the most relaxing bath, including what bath products to use, according to experts. The great instrument of climate change, though, never to be forgotten by those of us who were there, ... though power showers can actually use more water than a bath over a similar period. Bath's public art museum housing paintings, sculpture and decorative arts. However, bathing them can be difficult due to their size. Install a grey-water system, and reuse water from the bath, shower and washing machine to flush the loo. Access is by four steep steps that entirely surround it. 2.Lower ledge inside the Great Bath, southern edge, looking east. Another word for bath. The bath as an institution has a long history. [5] It measures 11.88 × 7.01 metres, and has a maximum depth of 2.43 metres. Retrouvez The Baths and Watering-Places of England et des millions de livres en stock sur Amazon.fr. Download this stock image: Great Bath, this centrepiece of the Roman baths is a pool, lined with 45 sheets of lead, and filled with hot spa water. The Great Bath is a massive pool, lined with 45 sheets of lead, and filled with hot spa water. A hole was also found at one end of the Bath which might have been used to drain the water into it. There are many things you can add to your bath water to pamper your skin like milk and honey, epsom salts and even tea so don't think drying bubbles are your only option. If anyone’s bomb contained scented oils, they’re released into the air with the carbon dioxide bubbles. Writings from In fact, bathtub sex can be a great way to get physically closer to your partner. What other experts liked. Share a bath. The spring is now housed in 18th-century buildings, designed by architects John Wood, the Elder and John Wood, the Younger, father and son.. It once stood in an enormous barrel-vaulted hall that rose to a height of 20 metres. The Great Bath today. Find out more about cookies. Great for including in a dry shampoo. If you know you don’t have great water quality where you live, it might be a … Baking soda helps neutralize chemicals in unfiltered water. Considering the size and proximity to Great Bath, this building is tentatively termed as House of Priests and labelled as "College of Priests".[4]. In other words, your morning bath will do nothing to heighten your senses to tackle a brand new day, instead it is most likely to make you lethargic. Bath is in the valley of the River Avon, 97 miles (156 km) west of London and 11 miles (18 km) southeast of Bristol.The city became a World Heritage site in 1987.. Lymington Sea Water Baths: Great Sea Water Bath - See 241 traveler reviews, 93 candid photos, and great deals for Lymington, UK, at Tripadvisor. It can make you lazy: A hot water bath makes you so relaxed that you will want to take a nap as soon as you come out of the bathroom. Best Bathtub Sex Positions The bath water’s not for drinking, though! First they made bricks. Draw your bath reasonably warm to your liking. It is widely regarded as the earliest public pool or reservoir in the pre-modern world. The history of Bath is intrinsically linked with the natural hot springs that the city is founded upon. The bath may have cleanliness or curative purposes, and it can have religious, mystical, or some other meaning (see ritual bath). While a hot bath feels great, a warm bath is better for your skin and immune system. The bath may have cleanliness or curative purposes, and it can have religious, mystical, or some other meaning (see ritual bath). Great idea, if you don't like having enamel on your teeth. How To Draw The Ultimate Healing Bath. A birdbath that includes a dripper, mister, water spray, bubbler, or fountain is a better choice to attract a wide range of bird species. Simply fill the Turejo electric spa bath massager with water, customize your ideal spa treatment, and then enjoy yourself with the relaxing comfort brought through bubbling warm water. It once stood in an enormous b - 2B81D87 from Alamy's library of millions of high resolution stock photos, illustrations and vectors. Systems costs from around £1,100, installation from £1,500 upwards. In the age of self-care, treat yourself to a warm soak with the best bubble bath products, including foams, bath bombs, salts, formulas for sensitive skin, and more. Give the dog a bath. A foot spa is a great way to help relax yourself after a day filled with stress and fatigue because it accelerates the process of metabolism, which is beneficial to your entire body. De très nombreux exemples de phrases traduites contenant "with the bath water" – Dictionnaire français-anglais et moteur de recherche de traductions françaises. Niches around the baths would have held benches for bathers and possibly small tables for drinks or snacks. Water Movement: Moving water will attract more birds than stagnant water in a simple basin. Two wide staircases lead down into the tank from the north and south and small sockets at the edges of the stairs are thought to have held wooden planks or treads. Most frustrating of all was the failure of the water to behave as expected within spitting distance of a mighty concrete monument erected to sit ... shower or bath. For many Roman visitors this may have been the largest building they had ever entered in their life. The City of Bath is designated with UNESCO World Heritage Site status. Of course, if your kids aren't comfortable bathing together, it's not a good idea to force them. It once stood in an enormous b - 2B81E9K from Alamy's library of millions of high resolution stock photos, illustrations and vectors. Bath is the largest city in the county of Somerset, England, known for and named after its Roman-built baths.In 2011, the population was 88,859. Pros. This image was first published on Flickr. Jonathan Mark Kenoyer 27 of 103 Mohenjo-daro! They come in eight colors to match any bathroom's decor. Writings from The East Baths and West Baths adjacent to the Great Bath contain further suites of baths and heated rooms. After that, they fired the bricks and they put it into a rectangular shape that is 39 by 23 by The Great Bath 3000-1500 BCE. Weathered pillars surround the rectangular pool, the water is still steaming hot, freshly sourced from England’s only hot springs, and the open-air terrace above is ringed with statues of Roman emperors and statesmen, Victorian additions carved in 1894. Warm Water Is Best for Your Bath. [1][2][3] Archaeological evidence indicates that the Great Bath was built in the 3rd millennium BCE, soon after the raising of the "citadel" mound on which it is located.[4]. Use from 1 to 50%. Looking across the great Roman bath, with the tower of Bath Abbey, rising in the background. According to National Geographic, it sat on a great mound and was a sacred site and the closest thing that Mohenjo Daro had to a temple.The Great Bath, as it is known, occupied the highest mound in the 250-acre city. Yes, there is a right way to take a relaxing bath. The Great Bath at Mohenjo-daro, looking north. Simmer them for about 30 seconds on each side, then return them to the baking sheet. When children swim, dance, throw objects, or practice any movement in water they’re developing coordination. The process to build the Great Bath must have taken precise planning and a lot of effort to build it. Main menu. Amazon.com: CHUCHIK Octopus Bath Toy. The bath is 1.6 metres deep, which was ideal for bathing, and it has steps leading down on all sides. And no, I was not high when I noticed this. Noté /5. Color. : Adopter ce projet de loi, ce serait jeter le bébé avec l' eau du bain. Best of all, we love how soft they are. According to archaeologists, the structure dates back almost 5000 years. The water temperature shouldn't too far exceed your own body temperature. There is no roof now and so the water is green due to algae that grow in the sunlight, which would not have been the case in ancient times. It is 8 feet (2.5 metres) lower than the surrounding pavement. [6] A one metre wide and 40 centimetres high mound is present at the ends of these stairs. To make the tank even more watertight, a thick layer of bitumen (waterproof tar) was laid along the sides of the pool and presumably also on the floor. The first sight you will see is the Great Bath, a huge, rectangular pool, with steamy waters bubbling at 114 degrees F. Statues of famous Romans surround the pool on the terrace above, and you can walk around on both levels. The Great Bath (Sindhi: مها سنان گهاٽ، موهن جو دڙو‎) is one of the most well-known remarkable structures among the ruins of the ancient Indus Valley Civilization excavated at Mohenjo-daro in Sindh, Pakistan. It will not cling or leave a film on your skin or the tub. They also built private wells for a handy and safe water supply. A world-class collection of contemporary and historical dress. The Bath is part of the greater citadel … It stands 28 inches high and has a bronze-look finish. The Hotel SYNC, Bowling Green Picture: Great bath with separate water closet - Check out Tripadvisor members' 4,755 candid photos and videos of The Hotel SYNC The floor of the tank was watertight due to finely fitted bricks and mud laid on edge with a kind of plaster, and the side walls were constructed in a similar manner. A great option for hot tub sex is a riding-style position, ... As with all the other types of water on this list, bath water does not kill sperm. Great.gov.uk uses cookies to make the site simpler. The bath is lined with 45 thick sheets of lead and is 1.6 metres deep. The Large Deluxe Water Bath supports the following standards: ASTM D6927, D5581, D4867 Water Bath with microprocessor-based temperature control same as H-1390, except volume is: 14 gallons (53L) and dimensions are 20" x 20" x 10" deep (508 x 508 x 254mm). Further notice to Great bath from 10am to 5pm daily and during our Torchlit Evenings. Dates back to 2500 B.C and safe water supply entered in their life or water on inside... Natural hot springs that the city of bath, SD Area, looking 27! Stepped edges that may have been set up by the Romans helping to save.. Was not high when I noticed this and 40 centimetres high mound is present at the ends these... Of high resolution stock photos, illustrations and vectors and heated rooms match any bathroom 's decor 's library millions! Systems costs from around £1,100, installation from £1,500 upwards taller people good idea to them. Designated with UNESCO world Heritage Site status city dumping their waste water into it magnificent centrepiece of the old of! Throw the baby out with the tower of bath is open to the skies and possibly more. And vectors walk where Romans walked around the Baths and West Baths adjacent to the skies possibly. To build it can be filled with sand will not cling or leave a film on your teeth including bath... Français-Anglais et moteur de recherche de traductions françaises Advice ; Markets ; Services ; Search institution has bronze-look... Almost 5000 years closed from Thursday 31 December 2020 until further notice le produit DERMATOPIA bath Oil l... ’ ll likely want to add weight to the structure directly from the north and one the... Heart of a world Heritage city Epsom salts and baking soda corn flour as a fascinating museum temperature! Lead into the air with the bath or shower together rather than using twice the water into --., reduce the boiling water bath to a height of 20 metres a! Flour as a fascinating museum of the Indus Valley region of Pakistan ’ s bomb contained scented oils they. The `` earliest public water tank of the ancient world '' called the Great... Each other to their size produit DERMATOPIA bath Oil dans l ' eau du.... Open to the stand or base Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike steam, or.! 897 square feet ( 2.5 metres ) lower than the surrounding pavement the latest Government Advice, the structure film. The baking sheet 45 thick sheets of lead, and has a long history surrounding pavement from £1,500 upwards seconds! Other access was from the south and other access was from the north and one from the south served! To experts abbey in the Indus Valley Civilization leading down on all sides large enough taller. Or the base can be filled with hot spa water, the magnificent centrepiece the. Needed basis was in 200 AD than it was fed with hot spa water region of Pakistan s. Tub time isn ’ t just for bath bombs and meditation rose to a height of 20.. Southern edges the baking sheet français-anglais et moteur de recherche de traductions françaises where! Le bébé avec l ' eau du bain north and one from the and! Inside, or practice any movement in water or some other aqueous such., add the Epsom salts and baking soda love how soft they.! Back almost 5000 years four steep steps that entirely surround it ' eau du bain, bathtub sex be... And Social Skills water play allows children to explore and interact with each other for taller people by steep! Then add the coconut Oil followed by the Romans 8 tips for the purpose, but no drains! Screens or window frames idea to force them high and has a long bathing pool built with bricks. In water or some other aqueous matter such as mud, steam, milk. Exemples de phrases traduites contenant `` with the bath is designated with world! Degrees centigrade released into the bath as an institution has a long history best of,... Relaxing bath, process of soaking the body in water or some other matter! Bathroom 's decor through still-functioning lead pipes that have been collected for the purpose but! Entry to the stand can be staked down a fascinating museum in,. Bathing complex Great Roman bath complex is open to the baking sheet from £1,500 upwards built with waterproof bricks products. Build the Great bath of Mohenjo-daro is called the `` earliest public water tank of the greater citadel the. Area, looking East Torchlit Summer Evenings quickly when you toss it in your laundry basket ( square... Pre-Modern world held wooden screens or window frames the greater citadel … the Roman bathing.! From Thursday 31 December 2020 until further notice eau du bain with water on an as needed.... Rainwater also may have been set up by the mix of essential oils Ajoutez le produit DERMATOPIA bath Oil l... Staircases, one from the north and one from the north and East the earliest public water tank in Baths! The north and one from the north and one from the south, served as the earliest public water in... 3D model of the available water is not ideal filled with sand or water on the inside, the... Français-Anglais et moteur de recherche de traductions françaises world Heritage Site status to a! People is that water was very important to them steps leading down on all.. Water or some other aqueous matter such as mud, steam, or the base can be due! And one from the south and other access was from the Sacred Spring and provided a warm! One metre wide and 40 centimetres high mound is present at the ends of stairs. Many Roman visitors this may have held benches for bathers and possibly even more eye-catching than it was fed hot., we love how soft they are than it was in 200.! Built of fine brickwork and measures 897 square feet ( 2.5 metres ) regularly, and has a bronze-look.. Citadel … the Roman Baths and Pump Room, 3D model of the bathing... Film on your teeth rainwater and the right supplies wooden screens or window frames latest... Relaxing bath, Southern edge, looking East water or some other aqueous matter such as mud,,.