The dependent variable is the factor that varies with the change in the independent variable that is subject’s behaviour. It is a method that requires long and difficult training. Here mechanical or precision instruments are used to aid accuracy and standardization. Social psychologists conduct experiments to determine the effects of various groups, group pressures and influence on behaviour. In an unstructured questionnaire the researcher is presented with a general guide on the type of information to be obtained, but the exact question formulation is not set. These scientific methods reduce bias and errors in understanding various behavioural aspects. BRANCHES OF PSYCHOLOGY General Psycholo gy Physiologic al Psychology Pure Psycholo gy Developmental Psychology Development al Psychology Abnorma l Psycholo gy Child Psycholo gy Social Psycholo gy Clinical Psychology Forensic Psycholog y Applied Psychology Biological Psycholog y Education al Psychology Business Psycholog y Psycholog y The interviewer can obtain a perfect idea about the subject through other means of assessing. It is the performing of an experiment that is a tightly controlled and highly structured observation of variables. This is used where ever it is not possible to directly contact the required person to be interviewed. This is the method of observation of the behaviour or the ability of the individual under controlled condition or fixed circumstances. Social psychology is a branch of general psychology that has great importance in the modern world. The overall personal aspect of an individual can also be assessed. Course Duration: Bachelor of Science [B.Sc] (Psychology) is 3 Years. 1. 3. Counselling psychologists advise students on effective study habits and the kinds of job they might be best suited for, and provide help concerned with mild problems of social nature and strengthen healthy lifestyle, economical and emotional adjustments. 3. Our mission is to provide an online platform to help students to discuss anything and everything about Psychology. The Nature of Psychology neda marie maramo. They also help in designing the curriculum to make learning more interesting and enjoyable to children. The experiment can be replicated by other researches and verified. Physiological Psychology: In the most fundamental sense, human beings are biological organisms. It is not based on common sense, reasoning or logic alone. So by adopting all these methods, psychology collects information about behaviour, which helps us to study the behaviour systematically. Complete control of the extraneous variables is not possible. The second chapter of the book ‘Biological bases of behaviour’ includes the items briefly from the stream of Bio-psychology or Physiological Psychology. The method cannot be used to study children, animals, insane people, feebleminded and those who are not good at verbal expression. Different branches of psychology have emerged to help study different topics of interest within the field. Clinical psychologists are employed in hospitals, clinics and private practice. Here, we look at the main branches of psychology. The observation of events are systematized in various ways but mainly classifying them into categories and establishing general laws and principles to describe and predict events as accurately as possible. This branch of psychology takes the biopsychosocial approach which regards health as the combination of effects of biological processes such as viruses and tumors; psychological processes such as stress, beliefs and cognitions; behaviors and actions such as risk-taking and gambling; and social factors such as ethnicity and way of life. The educational psychologist works with both the teacher and the apprentice, which … He also has a freedom while recording responses, whether to include some aspects and exclude others. Biopsychology is the branch that specializes in the … It is a detailed description of a particular individual. It is expensive with respect to time and money. Large samples can be used and so the results can be made dependable and reliable. 4. A random sample of entire population is not always necessary or even desirable. This may lead to lack of comparability and also difficult in analyzing the responses. Science is the body of systematized knowledge that is gathered by carefully observing and measuring events. Clinical psychology is an essential branch of psychology which deals with the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of mental disorders. Many experiences are either partly or wholly unconscious and cannot be observed consciously and analyzed. Psychology Ppt Dana Tuazon. Once the experiment has been conducted, the results have to be summarized and a conclusion drawn. It has its applied aspects in the form of various branches of applied psychology like industrial, legal, clinical, and educational psychology. It is difficult to know whether the sample is really representative. Here the studies are with respect to how people grow and change throughout their life from prenatal stages, through childhood, adulthood and old age. These investigations explain many incidents that would otherwise be difficult to understand. TOS4. There are two general grouping of psychologists: research psychologists and applied psychologists. It consists of a number of questions printed in a definite order which the respondents have to answer. The scope of Educational Psychology includes the study of the nature of intelligence as well as its measurement. 3. The experiments and observations which are made can be repeated and verified by others because of its objectivity, reliability, validity and predictability which are the characteristics of basic science. 5. It is considered as the heart of survey operation. When this is not the case, the sample is said to be biased sample (manipulated). Physiological functions and the structure of our body work together to influence our behaviour. 3. Commercial Psychology . The names of psychologists like Edward Tolman and Jean Piaget are associated with the propagation of the ideas of this school of thought. It studies the impact of noise,heat, humidity, pollution and crowding onhuman performance & also focuses on theimpact of physical environment onpsychological health. 1. Psychology is the study of human mind and behavior and it has numerous applications in all walks of life - work, family, relationships, sports, industries and in organizational spaces. It is not possible to observe one’s own behaviour and at the same time experience it. Psychologists use naturalistic observation whenever people happen to be at home, on playgrounds, in classrooms and offices. Structured interview involves the use of predetermined questions and standardized techniques of recording. Structured observation is useful in descriptive studies, while unstructured observation is useful in exploratory studies. As case studies focus on individuals, so we cannot generalize about human behaviour. In personal interviews an interviewer asks questions generally in a face to face contact with the person being interviewed. The relevance of these scientific methods extends beyond testing and evaluating theories and hypotheses in psychology. Intelligence tests measure the intellectual capacity of an individual and achievement tests through light on achievement of student in various subjects they are studying. The situation in which the behaviour is studied is always an artificial one. They investigate on the effects of propaganda, persuation, conformity, conflict, integration, race, prejudice and aggression. Certain types of respondents may not be available for interviews. This refers to whether the questionnaire is ‘unstructured’ or ‘structured’. THE NATURE and SCOPE OF PSYCHOLOGY LESSON AIM Define psychology and explain basic theoretic approaches Despite their interest in the subject, students of psychology often find it difficult to answer this basic question in a clear, concise an d specific manner. The results are clear and straight forward. In this, behaviour is observed according to definite prearranged plans involving experimental procedure. Physiological functions and the structure of our body work together to influence our behaviour. There is possibility of ambiguous responses or omission of responses to some questions. Experimental psychologists often do research in lab by frequently using animals as their experimental subjects. A questionnaire consists of a number of questions printed or typed in a definite order, one set of forms to which the respondents are supposed to answer unaided, by writing the answers in the space provided for the purpose. Variables are the factors that can change. The results are usually expressed in terms of numbers which makes it convenient for comparison of performance and analysis. Bio-psychologists may examine the ways in which specific sites in the brain which are related to disorders such as Parkinson’s disease or they may try to determine how our sensations are related to our behaviour. It includes criminal psychology, criminal anthropology, criminal sociology, criminal politics, prophylactic criminology, criminal psychiatry and penology It is the branch that studies the processes of sensing, perceiving, learning, thinking, etc. Correctional Psychology: Related to law and order violation. Introduction to psychology Muddsar Siddiqui. The questionnaire is not flexible because there is no possibility of changing the questions to suit the situation. Though there are many such methods used by psychologists, each has its own advantages and disadvantages. 1. It is systematically planned, recorded and is subjected to check and control its validity and reliability. It’s a banality no psychologist will ever be able to dodge (#askanypsychologystudent). Psychologists use many scientific methods for research purposes to understand various psychological issues more scientifically. Here the interviewer simply encourages the respondent to talk about the given topic with a minimum of direct questioning. They make use of tests to measure aptitudes, interests and personality characteristics. It is a scientific study because to study behaviour and mental processes, the psychologists use the scientific methods for understanding more precisely and accurately. The domain of psychology has, in course of time, emerged as one of the important disciplines while widening its scopes and being applicable to different fields of human endeavors, such as, employment, industries, education, personality development and being one of its popular branches, to the treatment of mental and emotional problems. It focuses on a broad range of issues such as discrimination against women, the possibility of structural differences in the brain of men and women, the effect of hormones on behaviour, and the cause of violence against women, fear of success, outsmarting nature of women with respect to men in various accomplishments. Source: PayScale.com . Problem is the relationship which experimenter wishes to study between two or more variables. It also studies the individual traits that differentiate the behaviour of one person from that of another person. By learning more about these many branches of psychology, you can gain a greater understanding of the many topics that psychology tackles. 2. They should convey only one thought at a time. Before publishing your Articles on this site, please read the following pages: 1. Welcome to PsychologyDiscussion.net! 4. should be avoided. In clinical interviews concern is given to the feelings or motivations of individuals life experiences. Control group provides a base line against which the performance of experimental group can be composed. This method of data collection is especially popular when large scale enquiries have to be made. It is free from the bias of the interviewer. If observation is done accurately, subjective bias is eliminated. 5. Health psychologists focus on health maintenance and promotion of behaviour related to good health such as exercise, health habits and discouraging unhealthy behaviours like smoking, drug abuse and alcoholism. This method involves in asking large numbers of individuals to complete the given questionnaires or through interviews by interviewing people directly about their experiences, attitudes or opinions. • Hypnosis was initially used for treatment in this branch of psychology. Most standard modern definitions of psychology describe its essence as the science of behavior. This educational video is about application of various branches of psychology. Psychology possesses a well-organized theory that is supported by relevant psychological laws & principles. To establish a clear-cut relationship between a stimulus and response, all other possible influences must be eliminated. Those who study Health Psychology are called health psychologists. There are different types of psychology, such as cognitive, forensic, social, and developmental psychology. Scope of Psychology: The field of psychology can be understood by various subfields of psychology making an attempt in meeting the goals of psychology. scientific psychology, concept, definition, scope and various branches of psychology. Disclaimer Copyright, Psychology Discussion - Discuss Anything About Psychology, Notes on Educational Psychology: Nature, Scope and Methods, Educational Psychology: Meaning, Scope and Methods, Difference Between Neuroses and Psychoses | Psychology, Leadership Theories: Top 11 Theories of Leadership, Theories of Motivation in Management: Top 7 Theories, Notes on Attitude: Introduction, Formation, Changes and Measurement | Psychology, Notes on Socialization: Introduction, Culture, Structure, Status and Conflict | Psychology, Difference between Modern Family and Traditional Family | Psychology. He will be able to report the smallest possible elements of awareness. We cannot accumulate information from abnormal people using this method. In direct personal interview, the investigator collects information directly from the sources concerned. By using scientific methods psychologists are able to find answers to questions about the nature of human behaviour that are far more valid and legitimate than those resulting from mere intention and speculation. This involves collection of data by having a direct verbal communication between two people. Sociology of Economy. Questionnaire is an instrument of data collection. They provide support and guidance relating to stress management, losing weight, smoke reduction, preventing drug and alcohol abuse. PSYCHOLOGY. Thus literally, Psychology means ‘the study of soul’ or ‘science of soul’. Introspection or self-observation may be considered as a old method but it is something we are doing almost constantly in our everyday life. The results obtained from introspection are subjective and so lack scientific validity. 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