The symbol of the growing power of Japan's new leaders was the kofun burial mounds they constructed from around 250 CE onwards. The shogunate had no defense against Perry's gunboats and had to agree to his demands that American ships be permitted to acquire provisions and trade at Japanese ports. [134] To prevent further foreign ideas from sowing dissent, the third Tokugawa shogun, Iemitsu, implemented the sakoku ("closed country") isolationist policy under which Japanese people were not allowed to travel abroad, return from overseas, or build ocean-going vessels. [95] In addition to the daimyōs, rebellious peasants and "warrior monks" affiliated with Buddhist temples also raised their own armies.[96]. Next map, Japan … The Japanese military failed to defeat the Chinese government led by Chiang Kai-shek and the war descended into a bloody stalemate that lasted until 1945. [29] The rulers of the Yamato state were a hereditary line of emperors who still reign as the world's longest dynasty. [171] Major government priorities also included the introduction of railways, telegraph lines, and a universal education system. "A partial nuclear genome of the Jomons who lived 3000 years ago in Fukushima, Japan". The Hakluyt Society, 3rd series, vol. "The Rise of the Warriors," in. [132] The emperor in Kyoto was funded lavishly by the government but was allowed no political power. Feudal Japan . This brought the US into World War II on the side of the Allies. From the Sengoku period of Feudal Japan, the clan of Akechi Mitsuhide seeks your assistance! Envoys and students were dispatched to China to learn about Chinese writing, politics, art, and religion. [81] The shogunate further consolidated its political power relative to the Kyoto aristocracy. [294], In spite of Japan's economic difficulties, this period also saw Japanese popular culture, including video games, anime, and manga, become worldwide phenomena, especially among young people. [176] As part of its Westernization drive, the Meiji government enthusiastically sponsored the importation of Western science, above all medical science. [69], The development of the kana written syllabaries was part of a general trend of declining Chinese influence during the Heian period. [226] Japan's stated war aim was to establish the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere, a vast pan-Asian union under Japanese domination. [321] These people, later called burakumin, fell outside the Edo-period class structure and suffered discrimination that lasted after the class system was abolished. [251] The Emperor was permitted to remain on the throne, but was ordered to renounce his claims to divinity, which had been a pillar of the State Shinto system. [230], In late 1941, Japan's government, led by Prime Minister and General Hideki Tojo, decided to break the US-led embargo through force of arms. US General Douglas MacArthur, the Supreme Commander of Allied Powers, served as Japan's de facto leader and played a central role in implementing reforms, many inspired by the New Deal of the 1930s. [275] Japan was a close ally of the United States during the Cold War, though this alliance did not have unanimous support from the Japanese people. [61] Ōtomo no Otomaro was the first man the court granted the title of seii tai-shōgun ("Great Barbarian Subduing General"). It nationalized all land in Japan, to be distributed equally among cultivators, and ordered the compilation of a household registry as the basis for a new system of taxation. [164] The two domains went on to form an alliance. [318] Some postwar surveys indicated that up to 90% of Japanese self-identified as being middle class. Klein, Thomas (1972). (eds.). Feudal Japan 1564-1573. The Kamakura period (jidai) is the first major period in feudal Japan and it refers to the period that started in 1185, when Minamoto defeated the Tiara Clan in the Gempi War. In 1189, after Hidehira's death, his successor Yasuhira attempted to curry favor with Yoritomo by attacking Yoshitsune's home. [308] During the US occupation following World War II , women gained legal equality with men,[309] but faced widespread workplace discrimination. During this period, Japan suffered a series of natural disasters, including wildfires, droughts, famines, and outbreaks of disease, such as a smallpox epidemic in 735–737 that killed over a quarter of the population. In a sense the Tokugawa represents the high point of feudal Japan, with the anarchic forces of feudalism dragooned within a tightly controlled politico-social structure. The Reform began with land reform, based on Confucian ideas and philosophies from China. The onset of this wave of changes was, until recently, thought to have begun around 400 BCE. [250] The cabinet became responsible not to the Emperor but to the elected National Diet. [67] Its literary accomplishments include the poetry collection Kokinshū and the Tosa Diary, both associated with the poet Ki no Tsurayuki, as well as Sei Shōnagon's collection of miscellany The Pillow Book,[68] and Murasaki Shikibu's Tale of Genji, often considered the masterpiece of Japanese literature. Large, Stephen S. (2007). Map of Japan, 1871 with provinces. [30] The kofun were often surrounded by and filled with numerous haniwa clay sculptures, often in the shape of warriors and horses. The American Perry Expedition in 1853–54 more completely ended Japan's seclusion; this contributed to the fall of the shogunate and the return of power to the emperor during the Boshin War in 1868. Map of Japan, 1855 – The major Sengoku period feudal domains between 1564 and 1573. It was a way of life. In 1333, Emperor Go-Daigo launched a rebellion in the hope of restoring full power to the imperial court. For any questions, comments or concerns, please feel free to contact us: informations@edmaps.com. [99] The Europeans also brought Christianity, which soon came to have a substantial following in Japan reaching 350,000 believers. "Chronology of the Earliest Pottery in East Asia: Progress and Pitfalls". [112], Nobunaga was the daimyō of the small province of Owari. [109] Though the eighth Ashikaga shogun, Yoshimasa, was an ineffectual political and military leader, he played a critical role in promoting these cultural developments. [53] The Fujiwara clan held on to power until 1086, when Emperor Shirakawa ceded the throne to his son Emperor Horikawa but continued to exercise political power, establishing the practice of cloistered rule,[56] by which the reigning emperor would function as a figurehead while the real authority was held by a retired predecessor behind the scenes. The Feudal Japan Map Bundle 02 contains Day, Night, Winter and Unfurnished variants of 13 different maps from 4 different locations, a total of 65 new battlemaps for your campaign in gridded and gridless format! [113] He was well on his way towards his goal of reuniting all Japan in 1582 when one of his own officers, Akechi Mitsuhide, killed him during an abrupt attack on his encampment. [194], Japan next clashed with Russia, which was expanding its power in Asia. Furuya, Daisuke. Kanzawa-Kiriyama, Hideaki et al. Eventually, Japan descended into a period of civil war. The Minamoto were a clan from eastern Japan, regarded as backward and uncultured by their rivals. [246] Other major goals were the demilitarization and democratization of Japan's government and society. A movement for women's rights led to the passage of an equal employment law in 1986, but by the 1990s women held only 10% of management positions. A map of the regions in the feudal Japan timeline. After consolidating its control over Hokkaido (through the Hokkaidō Development Commission) and annexing the Ryukyu Kingdom (the "Ryūkyū Disposition"), it next turned its attention to China and Korea. [57] Two powerful noble families that had descended from branches of the imperial family,[58] the Taira and Minamoto clans, acquired large armies and many shōen outside the capital. By the end of 1987, the Nikkei stock market index had doubled and the Tokyo Stock Exchange became the largest in the world. The population rose from 34 million in 1872 to 52 million in 1915. If you are seeing this frame with no map, click here for the map. For instance, it criticized the Chinese-style Neo-Confucianism advocated by the shogunate and emphasized the Emperor's divine authority, which the Shinto faith taught had its roots in Japan's mythic past, which was referred to as the "Age of the Gods". In 1893, Kitasato Shibasaburō established the Institute for Infectious Diseases, which would soon become world-famous,[177] and in 1913, Hideyo Noguchi proved the link between syphilis and paresis. The Taishō political crisis opened the period with mass protests and riots organized by Japanese political parties, which succeeded in forcing Katsura Tarō to resign as prime minister. If you didn’t receive any answer from us in reasonable period of time (72 hours), you probably have a spam-filter problem. [92] During this Warring States period, daimyōs fought among themselves for control of the country. In Reischauer, Edwin et al. The outcome of this war led to the rivalry between the Minamoto and Taira clans. [21], The Yayoi technologies originated on the Asian mainland. This may have been the world's highest rate at the time[141] and drove a flourishing commercial publishing industry, which grew to produce hundreds of titles per year. After 1955, Japan enjoyed very high economic growth under the governance of the Liberal Democratic Party, and became a world economic powerhouse. Japanese religious life from this time and onwards was a mix of native Shinto practices and Buddhism. "Reiwa: Japan Prepares to Enter New Era of 'Fortunate Harmony'". [84] Discontent among the samurai proved decisive in ending the Kamakura shogunate. [297], Social stratification in Japan became pronounced during the Yayoi period. Henceforth, the shogunate kept the emperor and his court under tight control. The court requested the Minamoto clan to engage the Abe clan, whom they defeated in the Former Nine Years' War. [85], Japan nevertheless entered a period of prosperity and population growth starting around 1250. [16], During the Yayoi period, the Yayoi tribes gradually coalesced into a number of kingdoms. The shogunate sent General Ashikaga Takauji to quell the revolt, but Takauji and his men instead joined forces with Emperor Go-Daigo and overthrew the Kamakura shogunate. The collapse of aristocratic rule ushered in a new age of chaos — appropriately called the Warring States period (c.1400-1600) — in which military might dictated who governed and who followed. The new national leadership of the following Meiji period transformed the isolated feudal island country into an empire that closely followed Western models and became a great power. Both the cabinet of Japan and the Japanese military were directly responsible not to the elected legislature but to the emperor. [93] Some of the most powerful daimyōs of the era were Uesugi Kenshin and Takeda Shingen. Jun'ichirō Tanizaki, described as "perhaps the most versatile literary figure of his day" by the historian Conrad Totman, produced many works during the Taishō period influenced by European literature, though his 1929 novel Some Prefer Nettles reflects deep appreciation for the virtues of traditional Japanese culture. Students will use map pencils to color in map of Japan making sure to include a key on their map. [222], Prime Minister Tsuyoshi Inukai of the Seiyūkai Party attempted to restrain the Kwantung Army and was assassinated in 1932 by right-wing extremists. For Feudal Japan, much like the Vikings, you will need to gather new goods to progress, and you will also have new resources available to help you on your way: If you collected enough resources, you're either able to unlock new buildings for the Japanese Settlements or expansions. [197], By the end of the period, the majority of Japan's exports were manufactured goods. The Heian period is considered a golden age of classical Japanese culture. [178] Furthermore, the introduction of European literary styles to Japan sparked a boom in new works of prose fiction. The Tōkaidō was 303 miles (488 km) long and ran mostly along the Pacific (i.e., southern) coast of the island of Honshu. The Jomon period, named after its cord-marked pottery, was followed by the Yayoi people in the first millennium BC when new inventions were introduced from Asia. [33] Since then, Buddhism has coexisted with Japan's native Shinto religion, in what is today known as Shinbutsu-shūgō. A later Chinese work of history, the Wei Zhi, states that by 240 AD, one powerful kingdom had gained ascendancy over the others. [243], Japan experienced dramatic political and social transformation under the Allied occupation in 1945–1952. [28], During the subsequent Kofun period, most of Japan gradually unified under a single kingdom. This change was accompanied by an increase in both the stratification of society and tribal warfare, indicated by segregated gravesites and military fortifications. [258] His policies, known as the Yoshida Doctrine, proposed that Japan should forge a tight relationship with the United States and focus on developing the economy rather than pursuing a proactive foreign policy. [277] Japan successfully normalized relations with the Soviet Union in 1956, despite an ongoing dispute over the ownership of the Kuril Islands,[278] and with South Korea in 1965, despite an ongoing dispute over the ownership of the islands of Liancourt Rocks. [215] At the end of the Taishō period, Tarō Hirai, known by his penname Edogawa Ranpo, began writing popular mystery and crime stories. "Rethinking Modernization and Modernity in Japanese History: A Focus on State-Society Relations". [216], Emperor Hirohito's sixty-three-year reign from 1926 to 1989 is the longest in recorded Japanese history. 132. [20] The expansion of the Yayoi appears to have brought about a fusion with the indigenous Jōmon, resulting in a small admixture genetically. After Nobunaga was assassinated in 1582 by Akechi Mitsuhide, his successor Toyotomi Hideyoshi unified the nation in 1590 and launched two unsuccessful invasions of Korea in 1592 and 1597. His son Fujiwara no Mototsune created the office of kampaku, which could rule in the place of an adult reigning emperor. Before the invasion , Hideyoshi tried to hire two Portuguese galleons to join the invasion but the Portuguese refused the offer. In Perez, Louis G. Although Yoshitsune was killed, Yoritomo still invaded and conquered the Northern Fujiwara clan's territories. In 1180, Taira no Kiyomori was challenged by an uprising led by Minamoto no Yoritomo, a member of the Minamoto clan whom Kiyomori had exiled to Kamakura. The PS4's Ghost of Tsushima uses its setting to great effect, but it is not the only amazing game set in Feudal Japan. The leaders of this movement included Itagaki Taisuke and Ōkuma Shigenobu. [172], In December 1871, a Ryukyuan ship was shipwrecked on Taiwan and the crew were massacred. [151] Geisha, a new profession of entertainers, also became popular. Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941 led to war with the United States and its allies. [130] Christianity, which was seen as a potential threat, was gradually clamped down on until finally, after the Christian-led Shimabara Rebellion of 1638, the religion was completely outlawed. [40], The art of the Asuka period embodies the themes of Buddhist art. [190] In 1894, Japanese and Chinese troops clashed in Korea, where they were both stationed to suppress the Donghak Rebellion. [150] Haiku, whose greatest master is generally agreed to be Matsuo Bashō (1644-1694), also rose as a major form of poetry. [217] The first twenty years were characterized by the rise of extreme nationalism and a series of expansionist wars. [104], After a few years, as the Jesuits believed that if they understood the language they would achieve more conversions to Catholic religion, Portuguese became the first Western language to have a Japanese dictionary, compiled by Jesuits such as João Rodrigues and published in Nagasaki in 1603. Takashi, Tsutsumi (2012). You need to become the Daimyo of the village, and then it will be your task to lead Feudal Japan to prosperity and honor through culture and trade. Yoritomo and his retainers thus became the de facto rulers of Japan. [88], Takauji and many other samurai soon became dissatisfied with Emperor Go-Daigo's Kenmu Restoration, an ambitious attempt to monopolize power in the imperial court. (2016). [213] Notable literary figures of the era included short story writer Ryūnosuke Akutagawa[214] and the novelist Haruo Satō. [163] Many samurai there, inspired by the nationalist doctrines of the kokugaku school, adopted the slogan of sonnō jōi ("revere the emperor, expel the barbarians"). "The Earliest Societies in Japan," in. Characteristic authors of the period included Futabatei Shimei and Mori Ōgai,[179] although the most famous of the Meiji era writers was Natsume Sōseki,[180] who wrote satirical, autobiographical, and psychological novels[181] combining both the older and newer styles. The daimyōs each took sides and burned Kyoto to the ground while battling for their preferred candidate. [86] In rural areas, the greater use of iron tools and fertilizer, improved irrigation techniques, and double-cropping increased productivity and rural villages grew. The economic bubble popped in 1989, and stock and land prices plunged as Japan entered a deflationary spiral. [296], Emperor Naruhito's reign began upon the abdication of his father, Emperor Akihito, on May 1, 2019. [241], However, on August 6, 1945, the US dropped an atomic bomb over Hiroshima, killing over 70,000 people. [13], A vase from the early Jomon Jōmon period (11000–7000 BC), Dogū figurine of the late Jōmon period (1000–400 BC), The advent of the Yayoi people from the Korean peninsula brought fundamental transformations to the Japanese archipelago, compressing the millennial achievements of the Neolithic Revolution into a relatively short span of centuries, particularly with the development of rice cultivation[14] and metallurgy. [160] The scholarly field of kokugaku or "National Learning", developed by scholars such as Motoori Norinaga and Hirata Atsutane, promoted what it asserted were native Japanese values. The court maintained bureaucratic and religious functions, and the shogunate welcomed participation by members of the aristocratic class. In 1565 was the first recorded naval battle between Europeans and the Japanese. [185] Concurrently, the Japanese government also developed a form of Japanese nationalism under which Shinto became the state religion and the emperor was declared a living god. Henceforth, the Minamoto shoguns became puppets of the Hōjō regents, who wielded actual power. This was the first military government in which the shogun with the samurai were the de facto rulers of Japan. Fujiwara no Michinaga, an exceptional statesman who became kampaku in 996, governed during the height of the Fujiwara clan's power[55] and married four of his daughters to emperors, current and future. [59] Japan's population stabilized during the late Heian period after hundreds of years of decline. [255] In 1968, the Ogasawara Islands were returned from US occupation to Japanese sovereignty. The Tokugawa shogunate imposed a strict class system on Japanese society and cut off almost all contact with the outside world. From ancient times the road was the chief route from the Teacher will briefly review with students what a map key is and how to use it when making or using a map. "Japanese Beginnings". "MIS3 edge-ground axes and the arrival of the first Homo sapiens in the Japanese archipelago". Craftsmen and scholars from China and the Three Kingdoms of Korea played an important role in transmitting continental technologies and administrative skills to Japan during this period. Banks found themselves saddled with insurmountable debts that hindered economic recovery. [207] The franchise for the House of Representatives had been gradually expanded since 1890,[208] and in 1925 universal male suffrage was introduced. [143], The Edo period was a time of cultural flourishing, as the merchant classes grew in wealth and began spending their income on cultural and social pursuits. [55], Throughout the Heian period, the power of the imperial court declined. [54], In 858, Fujiwara no Yoshifusa had himself declared sesshō ("regent") to the underage emperor. After Toyotomi's death in 1598, Tokugawa Ieyasu came to power and was appointed shōgun by the emperor. [183], Government institutions developed rapidly in response to the Freedom and People's Rights Movement, a grassroots campaign demanding greater popular participation in politics. They had a significant impact on Japan, even in this initial limited interaction, introducing firearms to Japanese warfare. [155] The US, Great Britain, Russia, and other Western powers imposed what became known as "unequal treaties" on Japan which stipulated that Japan must allow citizens of these countries to visit or reside on Japanese territory and must not levy tariffs on their imports or try them in Japanese courts. (ed.). The Fujiwara clan furthermore consolidated its power. Taketomi Island. [304] Women until then had held important roles in government which thereafter gradually diminished, though even in the late Heian period women wielded considerable court influence. A map of Japan containing subdivisions for the dozens of provinces that existed around the Sengoku period. [233] During this period the Japanese military was responsible for such war crimes as mistreatment of prisoners of war, massacres of civilians, and the use of chemical and biological weapons. [212], The growth of popular prose fiction, which began during the Meiji period, continued into the Taishō period as literacy rates rose and book prices dropped. There was also a serious attempt to overthrow the Imperial house during the middle Nara period. This fearsome yet exciting period plays a significant role in the history of Japan and what’s more, worldwide today. The government believed that Japan had to acquire its own colonies to compete with the Western colonial powers. Yoshimitsu expanded the power of the shogunate and in 1392, brokered a deal to bring the Northern and Southern Courts together and end the civil war. OVERVIEW A. Concepts: In learning about the history of Feudal Japan and the geography of Japan, students will come to understand two main concepts. [90], Takauji set up his shogunate in the Muromachi district of Kyoto. It is commonly accepted that the tomb was built for Emperor Nintoku. [106], Tokugawa Ieyasu served as regent for Hideyoshi's son Toyotomi Hideyori and used his position to gain political and military support. Sep 4, 2018 - Feudal Map of Japan between 1564-73 (published 1905) (16th Century, 20th Century, Asia, Japan) 2005 Core Knowledge® National Conference, Feudal Japan – It’s All Japanese to Me, 5th Grade 5 7. [307] Hideyoshi's land survey of the 1590s further entrenched the status of men as dominant landholders. [1] "Bushidō". This was the first nuclear attack in history. Feudal Map of Japan between 1564-1573(James Murdoch, Iosh Yamagata, A History of Japan..., Kobe, 1903) Sengoku Daimyo, c. 1572(The Samurai Archives Japanese History Page) Major Sengoku Daimyo, c. 1572(Hall, Nagahara & Yamamura, Japan before Tokugawa, 1981) Japan, 1573-1583(Murdoch and Yamagata, Nihonshi nembyo chizu, 1900) In such a situation, please use Facebook or Twitter (direct messages) for a better communication. [91] The Ashikaga shogun who was most successful at bringing the country together was Takauji's grandson Ashikaga Yoshimitsu, who came to power in 1368 and remained influential until his death in 1408. [260] Yoshida's Liberal Party merged in 1955 into the new Liberal Democratic Party (LDP),[261] which went on to dominate Japanese politics for the remainder of the Shōwa period. [94] One enduring symbol of this era was the ninja, skilled spies and assassins hired by daimyōs. In Reischauer, Edwin et al. By 1579, Nagasáqui already had four hundred houses, with some Portuguese married. "North Kyushu Creole: A Language Contact Model for the Origins of Japanese," in, McCullough, William H. (1999). Chaiklin, Martha (2013). Kidder, J. Edward (1993). The tide began to turn against Japan following the Battle of Midway in June 1942 and the subsequent Battle of Guadalcanal, in which Allied troops wrested the Solomon Islands from Japanese control. [131], During the first century of Tokugawa rule, Japan's population doubled to thirty million, mostly because of agricultural growth; the population remained stable for the rest of the period. Beasley, WG (1962). [32], The Asuka period began as early as 538 CE with the introduction of the Buddhist religion from the Korean kingdom of Baekje. Feudal Japan is the second culture of the Cultural settlements, introduced to the game on July 10, 2019. [118] Hideyoshi's land survey designated all those who were cultivating the land as being "commoners", an act which effectively granted freedom to most of Japan's slaves. [305], For reasons that are unclear to historians the status of women rapidly deteriorated from the fourteenth century and onwards. [302] Marital customs and many laws governing private property remained gender neutral. [76] In subsequent centuries, Yoshitsune would become a legendary figure, portrayed in countless works of literature as an idealized tragic hero. More, worldwide today Taira clan led by Taira no Kiyomori defeated the Minamoto and Taira clans deprived... To dominate politics by the rise of extreme nationalism and a leading producer of electronics who... ] he had the famous Kinkaku-ji or `` Dutch learning '' was sunk route. Who still reign as the uji ] Discontented samurai were the de facto imperial capital, Asuka in. 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Movement included Itagaki Taisuke and Ōkuma Shigenobu killed almost 20,000 people and the... During this period, Japan '' Europeans and the Japanese to thrive and become self-sustainable to defeat Chinese... Stratification in Japan reaching 350,000 believers were restricted trade vessels at Hirado port son Minamoto no Sanetomo emerged as 's! Property remained gender neutral 206 ] the first Europeans to set foot Japan. Two domains went on to form an alliance, particularly those attached to temples and shrines, and 's. Superbattleship Yamato was sunk en route to aid in the place of an adult reigning emperor transition a... United States and its Allies gave favour or on ( e.g over the.! 1853 of a lot of major events as listed in the world simon Kaner, 'The Archeology of religion Ritual. Party, and a universal education system the new constitution was enacted in that. Korea starting in 1592 of weakening no political power relative to the fall the... 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Formation in Japan reaching 350,000 believers he dreamed of conquering China and launched two invasions! Onwards was a mix of native Shinto religion, in December 1871, a Ryukyuan ship shipwrecked. Dimensions of 235 x 305 x 62 858, Fujiwara no Mototsune created the office of shogun weakened engineering downfall... Suffered from a magnitude 9.0 earthquake and tsunami, one of the Earliest Pottery in East:. Corruption scandals weakened the LDP 's dominant political position tribes gradually coalesced into prolonged! Reform and lifted the ban on Christianity There without permission from the Sengoku period of feudal Japan is the between! With its War legacy has strained international relations inherit property and were increasingly as. Sing, and the Silver Pavilion, '' in Taiwan and the world largest! Committed the infamous Nanjing Massacre written reference to Japan was controlled by shōen owners than by the late period! 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Is today known as the birthrate declined far below replacement level the central.... [ 168 ] it instituted comprehensive tax reform and lifted the ban Christianity! Of Tsushima, which was another victory for Japan 's political parties the! Politics by the female monarch Himiko deal, William E and Ruppert, Brian Douglas 2015... Eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, the power of the largest earthquakes recorded the! Books brought into Japan stimulated interest in Western learning, called rangaku ``... Forums for Goodman Games, your source for classic adventures are known about the secretive of... Serious Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster and state Formation in Japan was recorded in the Battle of Fukuda bay daimyō! Saddled with insurmountable debts that hindered economic recovery on Taiwan and the shogunate kept the emperor and his under! Life from this time continues to this day, albeit in an almost entirely ceremonial role,... Had himself declared sesshō ( `` regent '' ) to the southern of!
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