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arrow_forward. That's almost 32 Earths. In the third century B.C., Eratosthenes was able to mathematically calculate the earths diameter by comparing differences in the angle of the suns rays at two separate geographic points. 1 Earths equatorial radius637816 m1 Earths equatorial radius6378160 m2 Earths equatorial radius12756320 m3 Earths equatorial radius19134480 m5 Earths equatorial radius31890800 m10 Earths equatorial radius63781600 m20 Earths equatorial radius127563200 m50 Earths equatorial radius318908000 m100 Earths equatorial radius637816000 m1000 Earths equatorial radius6378160000 mHow to Convert Earths Equatorial Radius to Meter1 Earths equatorial radius = 6378160 m1 m = 1. [22] For both Aristotle and Eratosthenes, uncertainty in the accuracy of their estimates is due to modern uncertainty over which stadion length they meant. Tack one end of a piece of string to the top of the stick. Born and raised in the city of London, Alexander Johnson studied biology and chemistry in college and went on to earn a PhD in biochemistry. to the plane tangent at NASA Telescope Takes 12-Year Time-Lapse Movie of Entire Sky. However, around 1730, Jacques Cassini argued for a prolate spheroid instead, due to different interpretations of the Newtonian mechanics involved. For example, if you stand at a point on the earth and move around the earth in a straight path, and reach the same point again, then the distance covered by you is the circumference of the earth. The acceleration due to gravity at the surface of Earthis represented by the letter g. The planet's rotation causes it to bulge at the equator. What is the biggest problem with wind turbines? is the unit normal to the surface at = 6,356.8km (3,949.9mi). Today we know our planet's circumference is roughly 40,000 kilometers (24,850 miles). {\displaystyle r} . (clarification needed). where in the first fundamental form for a surface (Equation (112) in[11]): E, F, and G are elements of the metric tensor: r And we divide that by Pi times 9.00 centimeters written as meters so centi is prefix meaning ten times minus two and we square that diameter. A few definitions yield values outside the range between polar radius and equatorial radius because they include local or geoidal topography or because they depend on abstract geometrical considerations. Use the protractor to measure the angle where the string meets the stick at the top. The Earth's meridional radius of curvature at the equator equals the meridian's semi-latus rectum: The Earth's prime-vertical radius of curvature at the equator equals the equatorial radius, N = a. The standard English name of the planet, including in science, is Earth. Circumference of the Earth in Meters There are two principal radii of curvature: along the meridional and prime-vertical normal sections. More than 2,000 years ago Eratosthenes compared the position of the Suns rays in two locations to calculate the spherical size of the Earth with reasonable accuracy. All Right Reserved. Approximating the figure of Earth by an Earth spheroid, the radius ranges from a maximum of nearly 6,378km (3,963mi) (equatorial radius, denoted a) to a minimum of nearly 6,357km (3,950mi) (polar radius, denoted b). Its mean density is 1410 kg/m 3 or 0.255 times the mean density of Earth. Example 2. r 371 106 m), the bottom unit of length within the Worldwide System of Units (SI). This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Asked By: Lena Frontelo | Last Updated: 18th May, 2020, Earth is the third planet from the sun. F It is the smallest planet in the Solar System, with an equatorial radius of 2,439.7 km. After completing his degree, George worked as a postdoctoral researcher at CERN, the world's largest particle physics laboratory. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. When he's not busy exploring the mysteries of the universe, George enjoys hiking and spending time with his family. r . The winners are: Princetons Nima Arkani-Hamed, Juan Maldacena, Nathan Seiberg and Edward Witten. which is different from the precise result by under 1m (4105in) the mean of these two axes. When considering the Earth's real surface, on the other hand, it is uncommon to refer to a "radius", since there is generally no practical need. Hence 1km=10001000m=10m 6. Its "up" direction there is shown with a black segment: it is, by definition, perpendicular to the ellipse at that point. The radius of Earth at the equator is 3,963 miles (6,378 kilometers), according to NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland. A: . , The Earth can be modeled as a sphere in many ways. z The nominal radius serves as a unit of length for astronomy. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. . How do you find the radius of the earth from latitude? = This astronomical observation was confirmed by general observations made at sea. It is a physical constant which represents the most probable distance between the electron and the nucleus in a hydrogen atom in its ground state. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. . Above we see an object with mass m attached to a spring. A He received his Ph.D. in physics from the University of California, Berkeley, where he conducted research on particle physics and cosmology. The circumference of the Earth can be calculated using the formula, Circumference = 2 R or D, where R is the radius of Earth and D is the diameter. On solving the circumference of the earth we get 39,350 kilometres. As the parallels run east and west, places having the same latitude will be due east or due west of each other. These values correspond to the zero Earth tide convention. r R N The geoid height variation is under 110m (360ft) on Earth. nasa.gov. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Arc length of more general surface curves, such as meridian arcs and geodesics, can also be derived from Earth's equatorial and polar radii. Has got the radius of Earth mysteriously grown by about 3%? Her latest book, "A Travel for Taste: Germany," was published in 2015. Go farther. He studied in Athens at the Lyceum. Other ways to define and measure the Earth radius involve the radius of curvature. Nowadays there are better ellipsoids when it comes to supplying a much better fit to mean ocean level compared to WGS84 ellipsoid. As satellite remote sensing and especially the Global Positioning System gained importance, true global models were developed which, while not as accurate for regional work, best approximate the Earth as a whole. r {\displaystyle F=f=0} The cases below considers Earth's topography, above or below a reference ellipsoid. 1 Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. radius of earth in meters scientific notation, Convert Earths Equatorial Radius to Meter, What Is Radius Of Gyration In Civil Engineering, High Definition 3D Printer Prints 5 Meters per Second, Most Precise Measurement Ever from the Radius of the Planet Outdoors Our Solar System, Scientists Uncover How Quickly-Flying Bats Can Achieve Great Heights well over 1,600 Meters, What Is The Ploidy Of This Cell Model Mastering Biology, Do The Laws Of Thermodynamics Apply In Space, How To Change Google Earth Language To English, Worlds greatest-dwelling squid spotted 20,000 ft underneath the ocean, Hatches Open! 2a : the bone on the thumb side of the human forearm also : a corresponding part of vertebrates above fishes. . Escape velocity = = 22.4 km/sec. Asteroids range in size from Vesta - the largest at about 329 miles (530 kilometers) in diameter - to bodies that are less than 33 feet (10 meters) across. How many miles is a meter in scientific notation? (a) To what radius (in meters) would the earth have to be compressed in order for it to become a black holethe escape velocity from its surface equal to the velocity c = 3 \times 10 ^ { 8 } \mathrm { m } / \mathrm { s } c = 3108m/s of light? Through derivation, we find a logical connection between a natural phenomenon and a mathematical description of that phenomenon. Equatorial radius a (called semi-major axis), and polar radius b (called semi-minor axis); a and eccentricity e; a and flattening f. WGS 84 defines ellipsoid parameters as: Semi-major axis a = 6378137.0 meters. How do you find the radius of a planet in physics? Thus, the surface of the earth at the. cos {\displaystyle R_{E}} High School Students Measure New Value for Earths Radius to Celebrate World Physics Year. Another global radius is the Earth's rectifying radius, giving a sphere with circumference equal to the perimeter of the ellipse described by any polar cross section of the ellipsoid. , For Earth, the volumetric radius equals 6,371. This idea predates satellite-based geodesy by centuries. The oblateness constant q is given by, where is the angular frequency, G is the gravitational constant, and M is the mass of the planet. You need to ask yourself questions and then do problems to answer those questions. Tack one end of a piece of string to the top of the stick. N This quantity is denoted variously as . Using the Gauss-Bonnet theorem, this gives, Another spherical model is defined by the Earth's volumetric radius, which is the radius of a sphere of volume equal to the ellipsoid. Earths circumference is the distance around Earth. See the formula used in an example where we are given the diameter of the sphere. 756 mi) on average. The average light travel time to the earth is 8.3 minutes. Your partner should measure at the same time, regardless of time difference. Earth, the third planet from the sun, is one of the most unique celestial bodies in our solar system. According to the law of gravitation, the gravitational force F of the earth acting on a body is given by: Mass of the Earth Formula =6 1024 kg Mass of earth in kg about 6,367.445km (3,956.547mi), can also be used. The Earth's polar radius of curvature (either meridional or prime-vertical) is: The principal curvatures are the roots of Equation (125) in:[11]. {\displaystyle r} Point B, which appears due east from A, will be closer to the equator than A. You have to use the distance from the center of the Earth, not the distance above Earth's surface, as the radius. Measure the angle of the shadow of your meter stick when the sun is overhead and the shadow is smallest, often known as local noon (when the sun is exactly north-south in the sky at its highest point). The actual radius of the earth is 6,378.1 kilometers at the equator, but the radius varies because the earth is a somewhat flattened sphere. 6.371 10 6 m . The extrema geocentric radii on the ellipsoid coincide with the equatorial and polar radii. 2 ] This video explains how humans managed to measure the circumference of the earth long long ago using simple math, reasoning and assumptions. Thus, the radius of the earth in meters in scientific notation is 6.371106m. If you wish to convert a small difference of latitude or longitude into the linear distance on the surface of the earth, then the spherical earth equation would be, = = dE R cos d dN R d , Radius of planet R = 2 x radius of earth = 2 x 6.4 x 10 6 m. G = gravitational constant = 6.67 x 10-11 N m 2 /kg 2. The polar circumference equals Cp=4mp, four times the quarter meridian mp=aE(e), where the polar radius b enters via the eccentricity, e=(1b2/a2)0.5; see Ellipse#Circumference for details. p The Magellan expedition (15191522), which was the first circumnavigation of the World, soundly demonstrated the sphericity of the Earth,[28] and affirmed the original measurement of 40,000km (25,000mi) by Eratosthenes. | What happens to the dry ice at room pressure and temperature? The WGS84 reference ellipsoid is now just that, a reference ellipsoid (that is, its the ellipsoid used as a reference by GPS and related systems). After many, many years, you will have some intuition for the physics you studied. Geodetic ellipsoids are better suited to regional idiosyncrasies of the geoid. The following radii are derived from the World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS-84) reference ellipsoid. Acceleration due to gravity is a vector, which means it has both a magnitudeand a direction. [2] All three values are about 6,371 kilometres (3,959mi). Refer to the WGS-84 ellipsoid if a more precise value for its polar radius is needed. The radius of a parallel of latitude is given by [9] in the second fundamental form for a surface (Equation (123) in[11]): e, f, and g are elements of the shape tensor: n 0 About Earth radiusThe Earth radius, or even the radius of the world, may be the distance from the middle of our planet towards the surface. What is the radius of the parallel of latitude? The first published reference to the Earths size appeared around 350BC, when Aristotle reported in his book On the Heavens(18) that mathematicians had guessed the circumference of the Earth to be 400,000 stadia. R Earth's surface area is an estimated 510 km2, and about 29% of the area is land while the other 71% consists of water. What is the radius of Earth in exponential form? Please enter the latitude in decimal degrees, here you can convert coordinates. p Derivation means the action of obtaining something from a source or origin. Definition of radius 1 : a line segment extending from the center of a circle or sphere to the circumference or bounding surface. Likewise for surface area, either based on a map projection or a geodesic polygon. a) Calculate the average density of the white dwarf. E Solving for x reveals the circumference to be. Start your trial now! So escape velocity of the planet will be 22.4 km/sec To determine the diameter of the earth in metres first multiply the original value by 2. A model of a helicopter rotor has four blades, each of length 3.4 mm from the central shaft to the blade tip. 6378 X 2 = 12 756 km. Mass of planet M = 8 x mass of earth = 8 x 6 x 10 24 kg. Most experts think planet Earth can support about 10 billion people, and that when our population reaches that number, it will start to decline. A The radius of the earth is the straight distance from the earth's center to a point on its surface. Thus, the radius of the earth in meters in scientific notation is 6.371106m. The information were posted by senior high school classes all over the US, plus some in Canada and Mexico, employed in pairs. Here x is the circumference of the earth. He was the first one to use the word geography and he also had a small-scale notion of the planet that helped him to determine the circumference of the earth. Ocean Worlds Resources. However, Earth is not quite a sphere. What is the scientific name for Earth? , The equation for Keplers Third Law is P = a, so the period of a planets orbit (P) squared is equal to the size semi-major axis of the orbit (a) cubed when it is expressed in astronomical units. Do NOT follow this link or you will be banned from the site! Earth's volume, or that of the reference ellipsoid, is V = 4/3a2b. The Bohr model of the atom predicted the radius of the lowest-energy electron orbit. (The notation is defined such that it can be easily generalized for other planets; e.g., Not all deformations originate within the Earth. ( Image credit: Ayhan Altun) There are nearly 8 billion people (opens in new tab) living on Earth today, but our planet wasnt always so crowded. How did early mathematicians determine the radius of the earth? . close. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. => When Wi-Fi is available location accuracy is usually between 20 - 50 meters. Our goal is to make science relevant and fun for everyone. for an oblate spheroid, the curvatures are. state. This length is also used as a unit of distance, especially in astronomy and geology, where it is usually denoted by R. [21] The first known scientific measurement and calculation of the circumference of the Earth was performed by Eratosthenes in about 240BC. Note that this arc is along a great circle. J 2. Now, lets plug in some numbers. The circumference of the world may be the distance measured around it. Keplers Third law can be used to determine the orbital radius of the planet if the mass of the orbiting star is known (R3=T2Mstar/Msun, the radius is in AU and the period is in earth years). Each of the models in common use involve some notion of the geometric radius. The WGS84 ellipsoid can be used worldwide (such as the ridiculously over-precise flattening value). By clicking Accept, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. {\displaystyle {\mathcal {R}}_{\mathrm {pE} }^{\mathrm {N} }} Advertisement. Have Bugged an area Rock to pay attention In on Earthlings? Earths radius is usually given as 6378137 meters (equatorial radius), its flattening is defined as 1/298.257223 (WGS84), and thus its polar radius is calculated as 6356752 meters.However, the av. Sun: radius = 696,000 kilometers, 100 times larger. Earth's diameter is simply twice Earth's radius; for example, equatorial diameter (2a) and polar diameter (2b). George has always been passionate about physics and its ability to explain the fundamental workings of the universe. This answer is: Explore Asteroids In Depth Key Science Targets Examples collapse all Earth Radius in Meters View the mean radius of the Earth using the default units, meters. So, its circumference varies depending on how you calculate it. 2013-09-16 00:47:38. For this calculation, the longitude isn't needed. c) Calculate the gravitational potential energy associated with a 4.93-kg object at the