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You might have heard of an old saying, You cant fulfill someone elses thirst with an empty vessel. [8] The strongest driver of sexual selection is gamete size. One of the most well-known . Helen C. Gunsalus, An Exhibition of Japanese Priest Robes, Bulletin of the Art Institute of Chicago, 34, 7 (1940), 111. She was able to manipulate this success by cutting the eyespots off some of the males' tails:[18] females lost interest in pruned males and became attracted to untrimmed ones. Unlike many hybrids, spaldings are fertile and generally benefit from hybrid vigour; spaldings with a high-green phenotype do much better in cold temperatures than the cold-intolerant green peafowl while still looking like their green parents. Under their influence, you will first learn how to appreciate yourself, your talents, and your skills. Breen, John and Mark Teeuwen. The group leader bowed down to him, thanked him for his music, and requested that he accept a feather from his plumage as a token of their admiration. Siam and Japan Japan Daily Mail (30 July 1898), 105. The ancient cultures like Greeks, Egyptians, and Romans praised the beauty of Peacocks because of their vibrant colors. Feathers For hats: Most of them come from game birds and domestic fowls, Los Angeles Times (18861922) (22 October 1899), 7. Hayashi Fukusai, Tsk ichiran, IV (Tky: Kokusho Kankkai, 1912), 552. [31] During a war with Asuras, Kartikeya split the demon king Surapadman in half. Isaac Titsingh, Illustrations of Japan (London: R. Ackerman, 1822), 228; Isabella Bird, Unbeaten Tracks in Japan: An account of travels in the interior, including visits to the aborigines of Yezo and the shrines of Nikk and Is, I (London: John Murray, 1880); Basil Hall Chamberlain, Things Japanese, 4th ed. Theodore du Barry. Riley. Sarah Thal, Rearranging the Landscape of the Gods: Politics of a pilgrimage site in Japan (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2005), 11821. Peacock sculpture at Golingeshwara temple complex in Biccavolu, India. Hall, John Whitney and Toyoda Takeshi, eds. This shows up well against the large green leaves and provides a unique display. These people have the full realization that to achieve the life of their dreams, they will have to work extra hard, and theyre prepared for it. Marion Petrie tested whether or not these displays signalled a male's genetic quality by studying a feral population of peafowl in Whipsnade Wildlife Park in southern England. London: George Bell and Sons, 1890. Hybrids between Indian peafowl and Green peafowl are called Spaldings, after the first person to successfully hybridise them, Mrs. Keith Spalding. Arts, literature, and poetry are coveted and referred to as "living national treasures.". Both sexes of all species have a crest atop the head. By Christian adoption of old Persian and Babylonian symbolism, in which the peacock was associated with Paradise and the Tree of Life, the bird is again associated with immortality. [11][12] This hypothesis is designed to explain Takahashi's findings that in Japan, neither reproductive success nor physical condition correlates with the train's length, symmetry or number of eyespots.[13]. 1. The peacock is also thought to promote good mental health because looking at it can mentally calm an individual down. Cha-no-yu: The Japanese tea ceremony. Singing in peacocks usually occurs just before, just after, or sometimes during copulation. The Greek philosopher and mathematician Pythagoras wrote that the soul of Homer moved into a peacock, perhaps reflecting on the importance of the centuries-old popularity of the Greek poet. Work concerning female behaviour in many species of animals has sought to confirm Darwin's basic idea of female preference for males with certain characteristics as a major force in the evolution of species. Hera was married to Zeus, the king of the Gods. PubMedGoogle Scholar. [41] The 'eyes' in the peacock's tail feathers symbolise the all-seeing Christian God and in some interpretations the Church. Although albino peafowl do exist,[citation needed] this is quite rare, and almost all white peafowl are not albinos; they have a genetic condition called leucism, which causes pigment cells to fail to migrate from the neural crest during development. Charles Darwin, The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex (New York: D. Appleton and Company, 1871), 2:115. eBay item number: 175630114464. In Persia and Babylonia, the peacock is seen as a guardian of royalty and is often engraved upon royal thrones. Itll also help you to become fully aware of your strengths, and then you can use them to your benefit. It indicates that you are keeping your pride under check, which is a wise thing to do. [36], In the Diwan Masbuta d-Hibil Ziwa, the Mandaean emanation Yushamin is described as a peacock. One of the best summaries of this transition is still the paper presented at the Asiatic Society by M.W. William Aston (London: Japan Society, 1896), 96103. If youre single and seeking a potential partner, these birds could be a sign that you will soon meet the kind of person youve been waiting for. Tenpkaikaku kidan. The dual influences of East and West have helped construct a modern Japanese culture that offers familiar elements to the Westerner but that also contains a powerful and distinctive traditional cultural aesthetic.This can be seen, for example, in the intricate detail, miniaturization, and concepts of subtlety that have transformed imported visual art forms. Categories . Argus was an all-seeing monster who had a hundred eyes and was truly devoted to his mistress. These totems are well-versed in the art of self-love, self-confidence, and pride, and can sense the lack of these in your life. Crawfurd, Thomas. [22] They concluded that female choice might indeed vary in different ecological conditions. Hanson, Thor. William Swainson, Animals in Menageries (London: Brown, Orme, Longman and Green, 1837), 168. They fight for areas within the congregation to display a strong front for the peahens. My particular areas of interest tend to follow along with my professional work as a scientist where community ecology and avian ecology are the most important fields for me to stay current on. The peacock can also symbolise the cosmos if one interprets its tail with its many 'eyes' as the vault of heaven dotted by the sun, moon, and stars. The Congo peacock male does not display his covert feathers, but uses his actual tail feathers during courtship displays. Then there is the down feather, which is insulative for birds and humans. They retreat to the shade and security of the woods for the hottest portion of the day. In the Far East Kuan Yin created the beauty of the Peacock's tail. If to come on the table cold, place the bird in a wooden trencher, in the middle of which is fixed a wooden skewer, which should penetrate the body of the bird, to keep it upright. Kujaku. [15] Females have often been shown to distinguish small differences between potential mates, and to prefer mating with individuals bearing the most exaggerated characteristics. Tachibana Minko and Shokunin burui. Groemer, Gerald. Chandragupta Maurya, the founder of the Mauryan Empire, was born an orphan and raised by a family farming peacocks. To the Sinhalese people, the peacock is the third animal of the zodiac of Sri Lanka.[34]. Some of the most prominent aspects of Japanese culture are discussed below. Additional colour and pattern variations are first approved by the United Peafowl Association to become officially recognised as a morph among breeders. Chamberlain, Basil Hall. Alternately-coloured peafowl are born differently coloured than wild-type peafowl, and though each colour is recognisable at hatch, their peachick plumage does not necessarily match their adult plumage. The peahen's reproductive success and the likelihood of survival of her chicks is partly dependent on the genotype of the mate. London: R. Ackerman, 1822. The Industries of Japan. Nihongi, I, 62. [37], Ancient Greeks believed that the flesh of peafowl did not decay after death, so it became a symbol of immortality. India adopted the peacock as its national bird in 1963 and it is one of the national symbols of India.[35]. Onuma, HideharuKyudo: The essence and practice of Japanese archery. The Buddhist deity Mahamayuri is depicted seated on a peacock. Mineola, NY: Dover, 2004. Kite, Marion and Audrey Hill. Peacocks are seen supporting the throne of Amitabha, the ruby red sunset coloured archetypal Buddha of Infinite Light. Some studies suggest that the intricacy of the "song" produced by displaying peacocks proved to be impressive to peafowl. Many believe it has the best Fall foliage of any maple species, huge, deeply incised, ferny leaves that turn a fiery orange and yellow in autumn. Arai, Hakuseki. Shop for japanese peacock wall art from the world's greatest living artists. Japanese novelty stores. Winterthur Portfolio, 26, 1 (1991). The latter is especially prominent in the Asiatic species, which have an eye-spotted "tail" or "train" of covert feathers, which they display as part of a courtship ritual. Greg Pflugfelder and Brett Walker. The female also displays her plumage to ward off female competition or signal danger to her young. Jingi It carries the values of kindness, goodness, love, care. It was designed by Bill Bellew and made by the J.C. Costume Company, costing $10,000. [26], Peafowl are omnivores and mostly eat plants, flower petals, seed heads, insects and other arthropods, reptiles, and amphibians. [19] She allowed females to mate with males with differing numbers of eyespots, and reared the offspring in a communal incubator to control for differences in maternal care. Colour variations include white, purple, Buford bronze, opal, midnight, charcoal, jade, and taupe, as well as the sex-linked colours purple, cameo, peach, and Sonja's Violeta. Houston, Stuart, Tim Ball and Mary Houston. Arai Hakuseki, Arai Hakuseki zensh, VI (Tokyo: Privately Printed, 1907), 320. Anne Brassey, A Voyage on the Sunbeam (London: Longman, Green and Co., 1879), 381; Edmund Roberts, Embassy to the Eastern Courts of Cochin-China, Siam and Muscat (New York: Harper Brothers, 1837), 120. Even Korean emissaries noted that Dutch traders on Deshima sold peacock feathers: Sin Yu-han, Kaiyroku 2 kan, Shin ikan azana Shhaku go seisen 1681 (Seoul: Chosn Ynguhoe, 1914), 29. Peafowl eggs were also valued. wyoming seminary athletic scholarship; Tags . Therefore, they came to be known as "Moriyas", literally, "belonging to the place of peacocks". Peacocks are one of the birds that have the richest cultural significance, which lends their tattoos a diverse variety of meanings. Tky meik kagami. Winroth, Anders. Thompson, 1932), 115. [2] While initially gynandromorphism was suspected, researchers have suggested that changes in mature birds are due to a lack of estrogen from old or damaged ovaries, and that male plumage and calls are the default unless hormonally suppressed.[3]. In Greco-Roman mythology the peacock is identified with Hera (Juno) who created the peacock from Argus whose hundred eyes (seen on the tail feathers of the peacock) symbolize the vault of heaven and the eyes of the stars. Wakansansai zue, eds. [43], The peacock motif was revived in the Renaissance iconography that unified Hera and Juno, and on which European painters focused.[44]. Shipping and handling. Tokyo: Sbunsha 1987. CrossRef Ryu Tattoo aka Japanese Dragon Tattoo. [32] Peacock feathers also adorn the crest of Lord Krishna, an avatar of Lord Vishnu, one of the trimurti. From 1689, Ihara Saikaku, Tales of Japanese Justice, trans. No, not really. Peacocks first defend their territory through intra-sexual behaviour, defending their areas from intruders. It is by keen observation that man acquires knowledge. The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex. Another hypothesis is sensory bias, in which females have a preference for a trait in a nonmating context that becomes transferred to mating. London: Charles Knight, 1841. Charles Darwin suggested in On the Origin of Species that the peafowl's plumage had evolved through sexual selection. There could be several reasons behind a peacock appearing in your life. Peacock was one of them but refused to eat the fruit. However, if youre in a relationship that is not working out, but you dread parting ways for fear of loneliness, the peacock is asking you to be courageous and take the right step. Translated by H.C. Stevens. [9] Females generally have more to lose when mating with an inferior male due to her gametes being more costly than the male's. The snake woman in Japanese myth and legend, in The Collected Works of Carmen Blacker. Japan: Its feather is an attribute of the goddess Kwannon. The large green deeply divided leaves are ornamental in their self, but this selection like many full moon types, attains large fushia red blooms in the spring on mature plants. These birds are trying to tell you to adopt a new perspective in order to find the beauty in everything around you, beginning with yourself. 3 vols. These birds were also used as a symbol of the Ming Dynasty and represented power, beauty, and divinity. Seller assumes all responsibility for this listing. Roberts, Embassy to the Eastern Courts, 120; Beawes, Lex Mercatoria, 824. Walter De Gruyter Inc., 1978. 1906,1220,0.198. Unbeaten Tracks in Japan: An account of travels in the interior, including visits to the aborigines of Yezo and the shrines of Nikk and Is, 2 Vols. Timeless, some geometric patterns are extremely ancient and yet still used today to adorn modern Japanese kimonos. This brightly hued peacock was adopted due to the increase in colour programming. They vary between yellow and tawny, usually with patches of darker brown or light tan and "dirty white" ivory. London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1889. When you lack confidence. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42595-1_10, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42595-1_10. It also symbolizes love and nurturing. They actively hunt insects like ants, crickets and termites; millipedes; and other arthropods and small mammals. Very few people did. [42], Among Ashkenazi Jews, the golden peacock is a symbol for joy and creativity, with quills from the bird's feathers being a metaphor for a writer's inspiration. One of if not the most beautiful and exotic trees in our gardens, the Dancing Peacock Japanese Maple is an upright umbrella shaped cultivar to 15 or 20 feet which features very large, deeply-dissected and multi-layered leaves that are shaped like the tail feathers . Amano Nobukage, Zuihitsu Shiojiri, I (Tokyo: Teikoku Shoin, 1907), 731. Thomas M. Kondo & Alfred Marks (Honolulu: University of Hawaii, 1980), 53. He was a god of medicine among other things. Carmen Blacker, The snake woman in Japanese myth and legend, in The Collected Works of Carmen Blacker (Richmond, Surrey and Tokyo: Japan Library and Synapse, 2000), 44, 98. London: J.C. and J. Rivington, 1813. Nagazumi, Yko. If the peacock is your spirit animal you are self confident, focused, and love to be the center of attention. Nihongi The functions of the elaborate iridescent colouration and large "train" of peacocks have been the subject of extensive scientific debate. empathy, and compassion. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1977. Good luck, harmony, serenity, peace of mind, relaxation and protection are all associated with the magnificent peacock. Peacocks were always considered to be royal birds, be it because of their beautiful plumage, elegant posture, or tender meat. Although the cock is highly regarded, several other birds also figure prominently within this religion and throughout Japan's culture. A Voyage on the Sunbeam. Peacock Symbolism Celtic Culture. London: Brown, Orme, Longman and Green, 1837. Indian Ocean World Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada, Chaiklin, M. (2020). Peacocks can fly short distances but, like chickens 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. According to one early modern Japanese source, their tails could draw out snake venom. Leucistic peachicks are born yellow and become fully white as they mature. While exploring the 2013 Festival, you may take note of the numerous representations of the peacock in the Hungarian Heritage: Roots to Revival program. The head and claws, which project at the two ends, must be basted with water during the cooking, to preserve them, and especially the tuft. Animal Trade Histories in the Indian Ocean World pp 277314Cite as, Part of the Palgrave Series in Indian Ocean World Studies book series (IOWS). Lex Mercatorio. Nihongi. Hermes went to Argus and began to play his flute to hypnotize him. Their tattoo can, thus, represent your elevated status in society. In Christianity, peacocks are believed to be the birds favored by God and blessed to never decay, even in death. Therefore, you should be prepared for it. Then, she appointed her servant, Argus, to guard the Heifer. Julean Arnold, Commercial Handbook of China, II (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1920), 2712. Thor Hanson, Feathers: The evolution of a natural miracle (New York: Basic Books, 2011), 1421. Rutland VT.: Charles Tuttle, 1956. Mariko Takahashi found no evidence that peahens preferred peacocks with more elaborate trains (such as with more eyespots), a more symmetrical arrangement, or a greater length. These dreams have another interpretation as well. John Breen and Mark Teeuwen, A New History of Shinto (Chichester, West Sussex and Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010), 168. Their feathers are kept in many Indian households as a symbol of prosperity and good health. In this article, we will learn everything we need to know about their spiritual meaning and symbolism: their cultural significance, the meaning of their tattoos, dreams, encounters, and the importance of their spirit animals and totems. Translated by John Bostock and H.T. Symbolism of peacock. Multiple causality for the evolution of female choice is also possible. London: Printed for the Translator, 1727. Geometric Japanese patterns are great classics found on many Japanese fabrics. Armed Martial Arts of Japan. Shimada Isa, Takeshima Atsu, and Higuchi Motomi, Vol. Having a polytheistic culture, there are also a lot of shrines and temples all around Japan. Marion Kite and Audrey Hill, The conservation and mounting of a Jinbaori, Conservation Journal, 27 (1998); Sai Sanko, Shtoku kobutsu tenrankai kenbutsu no ki (zoku), Edokaishi, 2, 8 (1890), 562; Ishii Kendo, Tenp kaikaku kidan (Tokyo: Shunyodo, 1926), 189. It is also widely seen in architecture and interior design. Companion Plants: Goes well with . Arjun Appadurai (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986), 28. They dont shy away from hard work and believe in earning the extravagance that they deserve. The Conversion of Scandinavia. Richmond: Japan Library and Synapse, 2000. Common Pea Fowl, John Gould, c.1880 Brooklyn Museum. Jinbaori: Oneupmanship on the battlefield. FromTextiles in Daily Life: Proceedings of the third biennial symposium of the textile society of America, September 2426, 1992.Earleville, MD: Textile Society of America, Inc., 1993. [20] Since these trains are likely to be deleterious to an individual's survival (as their brilliance makes them more visible to predators and their length hinders escape from danger), Zahavi argued that only the fittest males could survive the handicap of a large train. As a life partner, these people like to be pampered and are obvious about it. Lord Krishnas devotees also get peacock feather tattoos as a motif of their true devotion. If you are someone who considers luxury and extravagance to be a necessity in life, the peacock spirits might be watching over you. See, for example: House of Commons Parliamentary Papers (Hereafter: HCPP), 10/2 Enclosure 1 Report on the Trade of the three Settlements, Prince of Wales Island, Singapore and Malacca, (Session 6 December 183116 August 1832), 649, 916. Robin W. Doughty, Feather Fashions and Bird Preservation (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1975), 8. Peacock has dropped its free streaming option for new customers signing up for the NBCUniversal streaming service, a move that will prioritize its $5- and $10-a-month memberships going forward.. A peacock's copulation success rate depends on the colours of his eyespots (ocelli) and the angle at which they are displayed. The peacock bird serves as an important symbol of love and freedom, as well as purity and light in Hungarian culture. After he repented, he wept for 7,000 years, his tears filling seven jars, which then quenched the fires of hell. Play over 320 million tracks for free on SoundCloud. As such, anyone who wished to serve their land or even humanity could bear these tattoos. Greg Pflugfelder and Brett Walker (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2005); Martha Chaiklin, The merchants ark: Live animal gifts in early modern Dutch-Japanese relations, World History Connected (2012). . Peacocks are the national bird of India. What actually constitutes the Yayoi period is debated, but it represents a stratified society in which bronze weapons were used and simplified ceramic forms weredistinct from earlier periods. Los Angeles: General Publishing Company, 1995. Cynthia Brandimart, Japanese novelty stores, Winterthur Portfolio, 26, 1 (1991), 13. Peafowl is a common name for three bird species in the genera Pavo and Afropavo within the tribe Pavonini of the family Phasianidae, the pheasants and their allies.Male peafowl are referred to as peacocks, and female peafowl are referred to as peahens, although peafowl of either sex are often referred to colloquially as "peacocks.". If you cant keep up with a person like that, its best to stay away from them. Edmund Roberts, Embassy to the Eastern Courts of Cochin-China, Siam and Muscat in the U.S. Sloop-of-War Peacock (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1837), 318. Swainson, William. Karin Hofmeister and Bernde Grewe (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2016), 21841. They are terrestrial feeders. Animal Trade Histories in the Indian Ocean World, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42595-1_10, Palgrave Series in Indian Ocean World Studies, Shipping restrictions may apply, check to see if you are impacted, http://www.sothebys.com/en/auctions/ecatalogue/2014/rock-roll-history-presley-to-punk-n09160/lot.111.html, Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout. Translated by William Aston. There are two familiar peacock species. Hendrickx, Katrien. Scientific Name: Aglais io Common Names: Peacock butterfly, European peacock Order: Lepidoptera Basic Animal Group: Invertebrate Size: 2.25 to 2.5 inches wingspan Life Span: About a year Diet: Nectar, sap, rotten fruit Habitat: Temperate regions, including woods, fields, meadows, and gardens Conservation Status: Least Concern Fun Fact: Peacock butterflies have a pattern of eyespots on their . Dancing Peacock Japanese Maple is a stunning maple! They believe that peacocks can go to the heavens showing transcendence. The Ko-ji-ki, or, Records of Ancient Matters. McDowell, Colin. And the peahens choose to mate with the one whose plumage they find most attractive. peacock in japanese culture. Google Scholar. Peacock. In ancient times, only the kings and their elite guests could enjoy watching the peacocks dance. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2008. G. Cameron Hurst, Armed Martial Arts of Japan (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1998), 1058. Payne, Richard K. Tantric Buddhism in East Asia. Sadler, A.L. Apart from beauty, these birds are also symbolic of royalty, purity, and immortality. Unlike Indian peafowl, the green peahen is similar to the male, but has shorter upper tail coverts, a more coppery neck, and overall less iridescence. Boston: Fields, Osgood & Co., 1870. The Japanese dragon is similar to the Chinese dragon, but is more serpentine in its shape. London: T & AD Poyser, 2013. If you see a dead peacock in your dream, it has a negative interpretation. noun. The poet Horace ridiculed the eating of peafowl, saying they tasted like chicken. The merchants ark: Live animal gifts in early modern Dutch-Japanese relations. World History Connected,9, 1 (2012). Peacocks (often a symbol of pride and vanity) were believed to deliberately consume poisonous substances in order to become immune to them, as well as to make the colours of their resplendent plumage all the more vibrant seeing as so many poisonous flora and fauna are so colourful due to aposematism, this idea appears to have merit. Adeline Loyau and her colleagues responded that alternative and possibly central explanations for these results had been overlooked. Amano Nobukage. E.W. 23 kg of peacock feathers seized at airport, The Times of India (20 August 2010); Peacock feathers seized at airport, Aviation India (23 April 2015); Peacock feathers seized, The New Indian Express (14 September 2014). Theodore du Barry (Rutland VT: Charles Tuttle, 1956), 126. Stuff it with what you like, as truffles, mushrooms, livers of fowls, bacon, salt, spice, thyme, crumbs of bread, and a bay-leaf. Rutland, VT: Charles Tuttle, 1962. It's owned by NBCUniversal, a subsidiary of Comcast . Hindu gurus are fond of using peacock feathers in darshan to deliver shaktiput to their disciples. Things Japanese. Zeus had the messenger of the gods, Hermes, kill Argus through eternal sleep and free Io. (139.4 x 78.4 cm) Classification: Paintings Credit Line: H. O. Havemeyer Collection, Bequest of Mrs. H. O. Havemeyer, 1929 Before taking it off the spit, brown the bird by removing the paper. Ihara Saikaku, Great Mirror of Male Love, trans. Arjun Appadurai, Introduction: Commodities and the social politics of value, in The Social Life of Things, ed. The people guided by peacock spirit animals are creative, intelligent, and have the desire to make the world a better place. Moreover, if you were the person who killed the bird in the dream, it means that the argument began due to your fault, and so, you should apologize before its too late. Thus, peacocks appear in the mythology and folklore of many . The conservation and mounting of a Jinbaori. Conservation Journal, 27 (1998). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. London: Henry Colburn, 1829. Such a dream is symbolic of arrogance and suggests perhaps your success might have gotten to your head. Sheep and Goat by Zhao Mengfu (1254-1322) China, Yuan dynasty, early 14th century Handscroll; ink on paper 25.2 x 48.4 cm (10 x 19 in.) Red. Such people have an innate desire to lead an extraordinary life and can settle for nothing less. Multiple hypotheses attempt to explain the evolution of female choice. No ordinary cook can place a peacock on the table properly. And it is only once you have learned self-love that you would be able to spread this love around. Bird, Isabella. New York: D. Appleton and Company, 1871. Dreaming of these peacocks signifies that while you might not realize it, your manner of sharing your knowledge with others sometimes comes off as too proud, perhaps even mean. The sight of a peacock was thought to be a gift from the gods or other divine beings. [39], One myth states that Hera's servant, the hundred-eyed Argus Panoptes, was instructed to guard the woman-turned-cow, Io. Anon. Honch Bugei Shden. Monumenta Nipponica, 45, 3 (1990). Karin Hofmeister and Bernde Grewe. This is how the story goes: In Ancient Greece, peacocks were known as the birds of paradise devoted to Hera, the Greek goddess of family and marriage. Zeus felt miserable about everything that had happened and wanted to help poor Io escape. In Hinduism, the Indian peacock is the mount of the god of war, Lord Kartikeya, and the warrior goddess Kaumari, and is also depicted around the goddess Santoshi. is archaic. John Whitney Hall and Toyoda Takeshi (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1977), 296. Many other Hindu Gods and Goddesses are associated with peacocks.