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This might mean more dedicated and personalized care, better food, a private room, or the benefit that the doctor with you for the regular check-ups should also be present at the birth. It is one of the reasons why people do not go for antenatal in this community (Elderly woman, FGD). This differs by hospital but it seems that between 100,000 ($736) and 200,000 ($1,472) is common (more on costs later). It didnt work. The following quotes reflect these views: I give them food, starting from the fourth month because my breast milk is small. Studies in Ghana and Nigeria have documented that pregnant women in these countries saw pedal oedema as a sign that a male child or twins will be born, and were not able to make the connection between the oedema and high blood pressure (Okafor et al., Citation2014; Senah, Citation2003). In addition, participants indicated that swelling of the feet was sign that the baby in the uterus was a male. As mentioned above, women spend on average six days in hospital for childbirth in Japan. To help ease them into motherhood, moms observe la cuarentena (quarantine)a 40-day period when they recuperate from labor by abstaining from sex, physical activity and spicy foods. I have natural way of protecting myself or I use some herbs we have the community. Names that are objects (like Apple) or surnames are never allowed, and you must be able to tell the babys gender by his or her first name. Reservation enquiries need to be made even in the case where youre going for regular check-ups to the same hospital or clinic where you want to deliver (and thus the doctors and nurses are fully aware of your expected delivery date). This figure further decreased to 776 in 2020. As directed by Maynard and Purvis (Citation1994), participants listening to tapes after interviews is an important step in qualitative data analysis even though it is frequently overlooked. The view held by some participants was that using modern contraceptive method will make it difficult for the woman to conceive after she has stopped using it. For the girl, I vomit a lot but a boy I dont, its only my soles that swell (Woman with child under five, FGD). Women's fear of unnecessary medical interventions is a barrier to institutional births. For the childbirth category, many articles examined beliefs and practices that helped to explain women's aversion to institutional births, such as preference for traditional birth positions, and fear of medical interventions. Its made with water, sugar, cloves, cinnamon and red food coloring, and is first served to the new mom in the hospital. How much you get per child, per month depends on the income level of the householder. No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s). The yellow babies is something that happens. There are two reasons for this. In all the interviews, participants were of the view that a baby had to be confined until the official outdooring and naming was done. The protocol for this study was reviewed and approved by Ghana Health Service Ethics Review Committee (GHS-ERC: 006/11/17). The below is designed to give an overview of what to expect, what you need to do, as well as hopefully provide a rough idea of overall expected costs. This practice was believed to make the baby healthy and also prevent the skin from becoming dried up as illustrated with the quote: We massage the baby with mustard oil or shea butter to make the baby healthy and prevent drying up of the skin (Postnatal woman, IDI). Eleven (11) FGDs were conducted 5 among males and 6 among female community members. As a disclaimer, my authority on the subject extends no further than that granted to me by the many, many phone calls to hospitals, enquiries at government offices, and hours of searching Japanese websites and hospital homepages once my wife became pregnant and the panic set in of realizing that I had no clue whom I was supposed to call or where I was supposed to go Nevertheless, I hope it will provide some basis to get you off on the right footing should you find yourself in a similar situation. This according to participants was to protect the baby from evil people in the community. Different cultures have different values, beliefs and practices. Parents dress the babies up in detailed kimonos. Pregnancy is not covered under general health insurance in Japan. Find a Location, Appointment We use cookies to improve your website experience. Additionally, you may have costs relating to prescriptions for symptoms during pregnancy (e.g. They are also good in protecting women against pregnancy (Postnatal woman, FGD). Hospitals and clinics sometimes have certain rules and conditions by which families must abide. Japan child abuse cases reach new record; revenge porn on the rise, Japan to rename sex crime to highlight illegality of nonconsensual intercourse, Why Japan couldnt send its foreign minister to a key G20 meeting, Same-sex married couple hopeful Japan court will overturn residential status decision, Details emerge on teenage suspect in stabbing at Saitama school. You will have to wait for at least forty days before having sex or sometimes for three to six months after birth (Elderly woman, FGD). 2.6. Secondly, because each pregnancy requires a different level of care there cannot be a fixed fee. Your Pregnancy Matters, Pediatrics; However, certain beliefs tend to make these moments also prone to certain rituals and . We get it from five months of pregnancy (Postnatal woman, FGD). Cultural beliefs regarding the process of childbirth may prescribe different types of diet at various stages across the postpartum period. In 2015, it was estimated that, approximately 303, 000 women died during and following pregnancy and childbirth in low resource settings, and most could have been prevented (WHO, Citation2016). As for okro, it will make the baby have diarrhoea (Woman with under- five child, FGD). These maternity vouchers are essentially discount vouchers which can be used at the hospitals and clinics to reduce the cost of the regular check-ups during pregnancy. To explore Korean beliefs and attitudes towards pregnancy, birth and postpartum practices: . The belief among participants was that female babies were born with sores in their vulva which needed to be treated with warm dressing to help in the healing process. Instead of being showered with gifts when baby is born, its the opposite in Brazilwhen guests come to see mother and child in the hospital, she gives them a basket of presents instead. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. The following quotes are reflections of those views: Sometimes when you go for them and you later on decide to give birth and want to take it out, it can break your womb and render you barren (Woman with under five child, FGD). Families here still practice a folkloric custom where a spoon, knife and fork are placed under three different chairs, and the mom-to-be chooses one to sit on. That is the reason why I delivered at the TBAs place. Just ask any foreign woman who has given birth in Japan. This was made of 72 and 22 participants in the FGD, and IDI, respectively (Table 1). As found in some studies, womens preference for TBAs during pregnancy and labour, compared to the healthcare facilities was due to the use of herbal medications, which was preferred to the drugs and vaccines administered at the ANC clinics (Okafor et al., Citation2014). Also off limits: names that can negatively affect babys well-being (for example, Apple). In African cultures, because of many superstitious beliefs, many families will perform different rituals to safeguard the pregnancy. Parents buy a full set of new red dishes for a boy or new black dishes for a girl to serve the meal. However, there are some things that remain taboo in certain parts of the world. If individuals have a sense of personal agency or self-efficacy, they can change behaviours even when faced with obstacles. Global Health and Human Rights for a Postpandemic World. However, it turns out, that in as much as some of these beliefs and practices are helpful, some can be detrimental to both mother and child. Cultural and traditional practices, values, and beliefs have been identified by Bazzano et al. Additionally, men and women, as patients and doctors, tend to have different communication styles. This will often go away so we do not seek medical attention for it (Elderly woman, FGD). Parents also dress newborns in red, which is considered good luck and keeps evil spirits away. By closing this message, you are consenting to our use of cookies. This is the case for Japanese and foreigners alike. Raman S, Nicholls R, Ritchie J, Razee H, Shafiee S. Midwifery. Some cultures also have guidelines or traditions aroundco-sleeping, baptism, and baby-naming. This little book is very important and will need to be taken to all checkups and hospital visits. Data collection tools and procedure. Both harmful and harmless practices were identified. A participant shared her views as follows: Males are stubborn, when you are pregnant and the baby is a male, you will often suffer and your feet become swollen and you cannot even walk (Elderly woman, IDI). In their study in Bangladesh, it was found that 37% of the neonatal deaths occurred within 24hours, 76% within 03days, 84% within 07days, and the remaining 16% within 828days (Chowdhury et al., Citation2010). their care during pregnancy, labour and birth, and postnatal care. Pregnancy, child birth, and care are cherished moments in most communities in Ghana. Objective: After the birth, mom and baby are carefully shielded from sunlight, even inside the house, where a canopy is hung over the bed. Further, they cannot perform more complicated deliveries such as a Caesarean section. Training of Traditional Birth Attendants (TBAs) and providing them with disposable delivery kits was the focus of a study carried out in Pakistan where the intervention arm of the study recorded less maternal deaths than the control arm, and a 30% decrease in neonatal mortality (Jokhio et al., Citation2005). These herbs are extracts from the leaves and bark of some trees in the community, described locally as awuo mre aduro meaning medicines that make delivery easy. The process of pregnancy and childbirth is permeated with strong cultural practices and traditional beliefs that impact maternal healthcare utilisation (Houweling et al., Citation2007; Rice, Citation2000). Community Health Officers who are currently responsible for implementing CHPS strategies can regularly visit TBA facilities to provide immunisation and other essential newborn care services. Once 20 days have passed, mother and baby visit the homes of gift givers, where they receive a handkerchief filled with candy (for a good-natured baby) and an egg (for a healthy one). The study relied on the Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) foundations developed by Albert Bandura, a psychologist (Bandura, Citation2005). For example, a pregnant woman quoted: Some jealous people can bewitch and kill your baby. It emerged during the FGDs that some pregnant women did not take the folic acid they received during pregnancy. In view of that, there are certain socio-cultural beliefs and practices that are supposed to buffer any untoward occurrence. The study participants indicated they have received education on the need to exclusively breastfeed the baby for 6 months. As soon as a woman tells an employer she's pregnant, she cannot be fired. Okra for instance, was also believed to cause diarrhoea for breastfeeding babies. Who needs a sonogram to show whether its a boy or girl? Just ask any foreign woman who has given birth in Japan. Below are some of the most intriguing traditions that have stood the test of time. A study in Ghana found that pregnant women were given herbal medicines by traditional birth attendants to induce labour, augment and control bleeding during labour (Otoo et al., Citation2015). Liu L, Xiao G, Zhang T, Zhou M, Li X, Zhang Y, Owusua T, Chen Y, Qin C. Children (Basel). The beliefs and practices during puerperium were further divided into those that are related to care of the baby and those related to the mother. For example, I recall a patient who was in labor with a premature baby. In addition, 22 in-depth interviews were conducted among health workers at district, subdistrict, and community levels. Some FGD participants were of the view that the modern contraceptive methods could render a woman barren and therefore preferred to use natural methods. Private hospitals and clinics are essentially the same thing (the distinction is one of size in terms of number of beds). 2016 Jul 5;16(1):147. doi: 10.1186/s12884-016-0938-4. Jamaican women who find themselves pregnant have been known to count on their bible, quite literally actually. So, you have to keep the baby in the room until outdooring where they would have performed the rituals to protect the baby (Pregnant woman). The grandmothers other job is to help mom get back into pre-pregnancy shape with a routine that includes a belly-flattening massage with a towel dipped in hot water. Maintaining health during pregnancy and postpartum involves many things that should be done as well as many things that should be avoided. For example, doctors who are not fluent in a patients primary language should enlist the help of an interpreter. HIV Recency Testing: Should Results be Disclosed to Individuals Tested? Participants in this study revealed some socio-cultural practices that were observed for women after child birth. Participants indicated that ripe plantain and egg were generally prohibited during pregnancy. In addition, when one is pregnant with a boy, the uterus is often bigger than when it is a female. Bookshelf Skip to Page Content, Refine your search: Terada S, Doi S, Tani Y, Maeda Y, Isumi A, Sugawara J, Maeda K, Satoh S, Mitsuda N, Fujiwara T. Front Psychiatry. The site is secure. All pregnant women are required to pick up a kraampakket that includes all of the medical supplies needed for a home birth. Some will be able to provide regular checkups including ultrasounds and blood tests, but require the expecting mother to deliver at another hospital; others will specialize in something else entirely. Fathers arent allowed in the delivery room unless theyve taken a prenatal class with the mom. As a form of treatment for the wounds, herbs extracted from the bark of a tree nu bena was given to the women to enhance healing of the internal wound. During this period, the baby is not allowed to either be seen or touched by people who are outside the nuclear family. However, certain beliefs tend to make these moments also prone to certain rituals and concealment, all in an attempt to ensure that there is no mishap during any of these periods. With your current subscription plan you can comment on stories. You register your details online and then you have access to a special hotline which jumps you to the front of the queue and is open 24 hours per day. 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